Western Civ Final

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  1. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided
    the New World between Spain and Portugal
  2. The Aztec empire, which Cortez conquered in 1519, was located
    in central Mexico
  3. The European nation that took over the spice trade from Portugal was
    the Dutch Republic
  4. The major rival to the British in India in the 17th century was
    France
  5. The inflation of the 16th century and early 17th century
    caused a decline in the standard of living for wage earners and those on fixed incomes
  6. Which of the following statements best applies to the economy of 19th and 17th century Europe?
    The joint stock company enabled the raising of spectacular sums of capital for world trading venues
  7. Gustavus Adolphus, who led the Lutheran armies in the 30 Years War until he was killed at Lutzen, was king of
    Sweden
  8. Peter the Great's ambition was the make Russia more like
    Western Europe
  9. In 1592 and again in 1683, Vienna was seriously threatened by
    the Ottoman Empire
  10. James I of England alienated most of the members of Parliament by
    insisting on his right to govern through Divine Right
  11. The immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus was
    condemnation, initially by Protestant leaders like Luther who condemned the discovery as contrary to their literal interpretation of the bible.
  12. Following Copernicus's heliocentric theory
    Johannes Kepler used data to derive laws of planetary motion that confirmed Copernicus's heliocentric theory, but showed the orbits were eliptical
  13. The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was
    Galileo
  14. Newton invented
    the calculus
  15. The philosophy of Rene Descartes
    stressed a separation of mind and matter
  16. The American Revolution affected Europeans by
    proving that the ideas of the Enlightenment could be realized politically
  17. Napoleon met his final defeat at the Battle of
    Waterloo
  18. Catherine the Great of Russia
    followed a successful policy of expansion against the Turks
  19. European diplomacy during the 18th centruy was predicated on the idea that
    in a balance of power, one state should not achieve dominance over the other
  20. The scientist-philosopher who provides a link between the scientists of the 17th century and thew philosophes of the next was
    Fontentelle
  21. Which war do some historians regard as the first world war
    The Seven Years War
  22. The most immediate cause of the French Revolution was
    the government's failure to resolve its debts and other economic problems
  23. Voltaire was best known for his criticism of
    religious intolerence
  24. The dismemberment of Poland in the late 18th century
    showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state in the period
  25. The controversy over voting by order versus voting by head in the Estates-General saw
    the Third Estate respond by forming a National Assembly
  26. In the Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best political system in a modern society is one where
    power is divided between the three branches of government
  27. Under Frederick II "the Great" of Prussia, the most important offices in the government usually went to
    members of the nobility
  28. The defeat of General Cornwallis and his army at Yorktown in 1781, leading to British abandonment of the Revolutionary War, was achieved by
    a combined American and French army supported by a heavily armed French fleet
  29. In 1871, William I was proclaimed Kaiser, or emperor, of the second Reich in
    Versailles
  30. The revolution of 1848 in France ultimately resulted in
    a new French empire under Louis Napoleon
  31. Industrialization began on the continent first in
    Belgium, France and Germany
  32. In the US, right after the Civil War, what began to replace steam boats as a viable mode of transportation on many routes?
    trains
  33. An overall result of the Crimean War was
    the destruction of the Concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German national unification
  34. The Industrial Revolution had its beginnings in
    Great Britian
  35. In 1848, the Frankfurt Assembly
    failed to create a united Germany
  36. In the Italian War of 1859, Piedmont was allied with
    France
  37. of the following allowed steam engines to be located away from the rivers?
    They ran on coal
  38. The foreign minister diplomat who dominated the Congress of Vienna was
    Klemens von Metternich
  39. James Watt was vital to the industrial revolution for his invention of
    a rotary engine that could spin and weave cotton
  40. Among Napoleon III's great domestic projects was
    a reconstruction of Paris with broad boulevards, public squares, and municipal utilities
  41. Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian-born leader of German unification,
    practiced Realpolitik in conducting domestic and foreign policy
  42. The man long regarded as the George Washington of Latin America is
    Simon Bolivar
  43. The Congress of Vienna
    created policies that would maintain the European balance of power
  44. Whose assassination contributed to the outbreak of WWI?
    Francis Ferdinand
  45. Germany's Schlieffen Plan included
    all of the above
  46. Which dictator did not come to power between WWI and WWII?
    Mao Zedong
  47. Who was the Red Army during the Russian Civil War?
    The Bolsheviks
  48. Which of the following summed up the Bolshevik program?
    all of the above
  49. What is new imperialism?
    The revival of imperialism after 1880 in which European nations established colonies in Asia and Africa
  50. Who intervened and demanded that the Russians accept Austria's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and face war with Bosnia?
    William II
  51. What rights did women gain following WWII?
    The right to vote, own property, and work in new professions
  52. Due to its strong democratic traditions, the last Eastern Europe country to fall under Soviet, on party domination after WWII was
    Czechoslovakia
  53. The official reason for dropping atomic bombs on Japan was
    to save the hundreds of thousands of American lives it was calculated that a U.S.-led invasion of Japan would cost
  54. Demonstrating again that ever higher military technology was crucial to the conduct and outcome of WWII, the greatest tank battle of all time was fought at
    Kursk
  55. Hitler's first act f aggression took place in 1963 when the Germans occupied what area?
    Rhineland
  56. The policy created in 1947 and used by the Americans against communism was called
    containment
  57. To the British, appeasement meant
    giving in to the demands of the dissatisfied to make them content
  58. Following the second world war, Germany was
    divided into four zones of occupation under U.S., British, French, and Russian administration
  59. The Warsaw Pact did not include
    Yugoslavia
  60. After attacking Pearl Harbor, the main priority for the US was
    defeating Germany first then turning its great naval war machine against Japan
  61. The naval battle in the Pacific that was the turning point of the war and established U.S. Naval supremacy in the area was
    Midway
  62. The first area of conflict in the unfolding of the Cold War was
    Eastern Europe
  63. The event that immediately preceded and sparked the Cuban Missile Crisis was
    the Bay of Pigs
  64. Who became the new prime minister of GB in May 940?
    Winston Churchill
  65. The Cold War policy adopted in the mid-1950's by the Eisenhower admin. was
    massive retaliation
  66. Following the allied evacuation at Dunkirk, France
    soon surrendered and the Vichy government was set up as a German puppet state
  67. The nation that experienced that greatest losses in WWII was
    The Soviet union
  68. The Nazi rule of Europe was most ruthless in
    Eastern Europe because the Slavs were considered racially inferior
  69. The Grand Alliance included all of the following countries except
    France
  70. The Nazi Einsatzgruppen were
    special strike forces used in Eastern Europe that proceeded to round up and kill Jewish men, women, and children
  71. Who was the first president after the collapse of the Soviet Union?
    Yelstin
  72. What idea was destroyed after WWII?
    Belief in progress
  73. What was Perestroika?
    Restructure of economy and politics in Russia
  74. Where was the first independence movement?
    The Baltics
  75. Who was the first country to break off?
    Lithuania
  76. What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?
    Used as an excuse to invade Czechoslovakia
  77. Dente was
    the reduction of tensions
  78. Anti-Ballistic missile treaty
    limited the number of anti-ballistic missiles between Russia and US
  79. Helsinki was
    the recognition of of post-WWII borders in central and eastern Europe

Card Set Information

Author:
 Anonymous
ID:
 251775
Filename:
 Western Civ Final
Updated:
2013-12-09 00:02:51
Tags:
ww1 ww2 western europe history
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Description:
Review for a Western Civilization class final
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