The flashcards below were created by user
8thgradeclass
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author: me
- tags: Midterms
- description:
- fileName: Biology
- Card Count: 31
- 1. Captures solar energy for photosynthesis
- Chloroplast
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2. Package/ distributes products
Golgi Body
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3. Digests excess products and food particles
Lysosomes
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4. Transforms energy through respiration
Mitochondria
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5. Contains DNA which controls cellular activities
Nucleus
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6. Produces protein
Ribosomes
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7. Stores substances
Vacuole
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8. Phospholipid bilayer that protects and encloses the cell and controls transport and maintains homeostasis
Cell (plasma) membrane
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9. Rigid second layer that protects and encloses the cell
Cell wall
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10. Fluid-like substances that contains various membrane bound structures (organelles) that perform various functions
Cytoplasm
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11. Site of chemical reactions
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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12. Contains ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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13. Lipid production
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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14. Provides internal structure
Cytoskeleton
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15. Organism that exists as a singular, independent cell
Unicellular
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16. Organism that exists as specialized groups of cells
Multicellular
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17. Cells are organized into ____ that perform the same functions
Tissues
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18. Tissues form _____ which makes up an _____ _______
Organ; organ system
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19. Has nuclear material in the center of the cell but is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane, it has no membrane bound organelles, it is found in bacteria and blue-green bacteria
Prokaryote
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20. Contains a clearly defined nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane and membrane bound organelles it is found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Eukaryotes
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21. The cell is the basic unit of life
- All organisms are composed of cells
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
- Cell theory
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22. True or false:
- Each cell perform a specific function for each tissue or organ?
- True
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23. True or false:
- As cells mature the do NOT shape and contents DON'T change
- False
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24. True or false:
- As cells become specialized they may contain organelles that are NOT common to all cells.
- True
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25. True or false:
- Design and shape of a cell is NOT dictated by its function and the conditions under which it works.
- False
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26. True or false:
- Multicellular organisms exhibit greater cellular specialization, such as red blood cells, nerve cells, and gland cells.
- True
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27. What are examples of organelles that are NOT common to all cells?
Plastids, cell wall, vacuole, and centriole
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28. Movement of substances across the plasma membrane without the use of the cell's energy (with the concentration gradient)
Passive transport
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29. Movement of substances across the plasma membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Diffusion
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30. Diffusion of water across the plasma membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration
Osmosis
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31. A carrier molecule embedded in the plasma membrane transports a substance across the plasma membrane following the high-to-low concentration gradient
Facilitated transport
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Movement of substances across the plasma membrane that requires the use of the cell's energy and carrier molecules; substances are moving from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration (against the concentration gradient)
Active transport
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Large particles are brought into the cell
Endocytosis
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Large particles leave the cell
Exocytosis
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An internal equilibrium; the plasma membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell; a selectively permeable membrane only allows certain substances to pass through
Homeostasis
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When water moves in and as a result cells burst
hypotonic
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Water moves out and as a result the cell shrivels
hypertonic
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No net movement and as a result the cell maintains equilibrium
isotonic
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What requires the presence of oxygen, releases energy from the breakdown of glucose (or another organic compound) in the presence of oxygen, makes ATP with the energy released, and takes place in almost all living things?
Aerobic Respiration
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What occurs in the absence of oxygen, breaks down food substances with production of a small amount of energy, is seen as an adaption for organisms that live in environments that lack oxygen and is also often called fermentation?
Anaerobic Respiration
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Does aerobic or anaerobic respiration produce the most energy?
Aerobic
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Provides energy for bodily processes
ATP
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Special proteins that regulate nearly every biochemical reaction in the cell
Enzymes
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True or false:
Different reactions require different enzymes.
True
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What are the three phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase, mitosis, and cytokineses
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What is the longest phase in the cell cycle?
Interphase
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Any factor that can be controlled or changed in an experiment
Variable
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What are the three types of variables scientific experiments?
Independent variable, dependent variable, controlled variable
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The one condition that you change in an experiment
independent variable
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The variable that you measure or observe.
dependent variable
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The variable that does not change during an experiment
Contolled or Constant Variable
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_____ can lead to incorrect conclusions about what experiment showed.
Biases
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A flaw in the experiment design or the method of collecting or interpreting
Bias
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The steps of the scientific method are:
- 1. Ask a question
- 2. Do Background Research
- 3. Consturct a hypothesis
- 4. Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment
- 5. Analyze your data and draw a conclusion
- 6. Communicate your results
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Structure that contains pollen
anther
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stalk that supports the anther
filament
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sticky top surface of the pistil
stigma
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tube part of the pistil between the stigma and the ovary
style
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Part of the pistil that contains ovules and turns into fruit after fertilization
ovary
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Structures in the ovary that contain egg cell, develop into seeds once fertilized
ovules
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