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a map of space coded relative to the position of the body
egocentric space
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a map of space coded relative to the position of eye gaze
retinocentric space
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a map of space coding the location of obejcts and places relative to each other
allocentric space
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integrating information across sensory modalities
cross-modal perception
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the process by which certain information is selected for further processing and other information is discarded
attention
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the brain represents ____ at different levels of abstraction and in different ways
space
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from the brains point of view, space is a common ______ of most perceptual systems
dimension
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because space is a common dimension of most perceptual systems, _____ modal perception is a thing
cross
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our perceptual systems are ____ to process fully all the information that they receive at any given point in time, by _____ processing information in particular regions the problem is solves. this filtering out other information is __ ____
unable; selectively; spatial attention
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____ is needed to avoid sensory overload. the brain does not have the ____ to fully process alll the information it receives
attention; capacity
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attention is often to a ____ or a ____ in processing
filter; bottleneck
-
a failure to consciously see something because attention is directed away from it
inattentional blindness
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participants fail to notice the appearance/disappearance of objects between two alternating images
change blindness
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there is a natural tendency for ____ and eye _____ to go together because visual acuity is greatest at the point of fixation
attention; fixation
-
the most useful aspects of the spotlight metaphor are to emphasize the notion of limited ____ and to emphasize ____ characteristics of attention
capacity; spatial
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a slowing of reaction time associated with going back to a previously attended location
inhibition of return
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attention that is externally guided by a stimulus
exogenous orienting
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attention is guided by the goals of the perceiver
endogenous orienting
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a task of detecting the presence of absence of a specified target object in an array of other distracting objects
visual search
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this theory is not only a theory of spatial attention but also a theory of how we combine the different attributes that make up objects (eg. color and location)
Feature Integration Theory or FIT
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according to feature integration theory (FIT), perceptual features such as color and shape are coded in _____ and ____ to attention
parallel and prior
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the ability to detect an object amongst distractor objects in situation in which the number of distractors presented is unimportant
pop-out
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FIT assumes that pop out occurs by allocating ____ attention to the location of candidate objects. If the objects turns out not to be the target, then the "spotlight" inspects the next candidate
spatial
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a situation in which visual features of two different objects are incorrectly perceives as being associated with a single object
illusory conjunctions
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finding a blue t in the middle of red l's
example of FIT
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according to the FIT. attention needs to be deployed to ______ features of the same object correctly
combine
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a theory of attention which information is selected according to perceptual attributes
early selection. FIT is an example of this
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the main reason for having attentional mechanisms is to select some information for ______ processing at the _____ of other information
further; expense
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a theory of attention in which all incoming information is processed up to the level of meaning (semantics) before beign selected for further processing
late selection
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if an ignored object suddenly becomes the attended object, then participants are slower at processing it
negative priming (an example of late selection)
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when there is a high ____ load, then selection may be early but in condition of low load in which few objects are present, then there is a ____ for all objects to be _____ meaningfully consistent with late selection
high; capacity; processed
-
the ventral route (what) leading to the temporal lobes may be concerned with ______ objects. in contrast the dorsal (where) route is concerned with ____ objects in space
identifying; locating
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single cell recordings from parietal loves of monkeys have identified neurons that _____ visual spatial information with ____ information
combine; postural
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parietal neurons tend to respond according to abrupt onset of a stimulus rather than its mere _____
presence
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a failure to attend to stimuli on the opposite side of space to the lesion. patients with lesions to the posterior parietal lobe can present this syndrome
hemispatial neglect
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neglect suggests that in humans, there is likely to be a hemispheric ______ such that the right parietal lobe is _____ specialized for spatial _____ than the left
asymmetry; more; representation
-
a tendency to mis-localize heard sounds onto a seen source of potential sounds
ventriloquist effect
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mechanisms that bind together features like FIT does, may also be extended to explain the ____ of features across different _____
binding; senses
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single cell data from animals indicate that regions in the parietal cortex _____ different sensory signals
combine
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provided that a stimulus is at the critical location, it may not matter whether the stimulus itself is _____ or ____
visual; auditory
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a severe difficulty in spatial processing normally following bilateral lesions of parietal love; symptoms include simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and optix apraxia
balints syndome
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inability to perceive more than one object at a time
simultanagnosia
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-inability to perceive more than one object at a time (simultanagnosia)
-inability to reach in the proper direction for an object under visual guidance (optic ataxia)
-fixation of faze without a primary deficit of eye movement (optic apraxia)
balints syndrome
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the brain contains different _____ for computing ___ space and _____ space
mechanisms; body; external
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balint patients are likely to group parts into wholes if they share shape, color or if theyre ____ together. This suggests that some early _____ binding is possible ___ to attention
connected; feature; prior
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a factor that determines grouping of parts into wholes is the ____ of the stimulus and how a given stimulus is interpreted (____ down influences)
familiarity; top
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spatial representations are not only needed to appreciate the _____ relationship between objects but also to support the kinds of ____ needed to bind individual objects ____ together
spatial; processes; features
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patients with hemispatial neglect fail to attend to stimuli on the ____ side of space to their lesion
opposite
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two ways to test for hemispatial neglect
- -line bisection
- -cancellation tasks
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task involving judging the central point of a line
line bisection
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a variant of the visual search paradigm in which the patient must search for targets in an array, normally striking them through as they are found
cancellation task
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