GI test

inflammation, infection, or a symptom of disease, side effect of medicine- mouth

Small white painful ulcers, on the inner cheek, lips, tongue, pharyns
Can last several days to 2 weeks- usually heals w/o a scar

Cheesy white plaque that looks like milk curds when rubbed off

Risk factors for Herpes simplex 1

Cold sores, fever blisters, recur but will only last a few days, infectious, can be contagious, provoked by stress, fever, run down, no cure

Pts with _____ can tolerate solids more easily than liquids- teach "double-swallow) technique- 1 inhale, 2 put food in pharyns and swallow, 3 exhale, 4 swallow again

esophageal weakness is also called

s/s of esophageal weakness

condition where the lining of the esophageal mucosa is altered, associated with GERD that is left untreated- can lead to precancerous cells in esophagus

Mucosal laceration at the gastroEsophageal junction- occurs in about 10% of cases, typically follows vomit, 90% of bleeding stops on it's own

Causes of narrowing of the lumen of the esophagus

esophageal cancer affects more ____ and more ----

Primary s/s of esopheageal cancer

_____ when you don't secrete enough intrinsic factor, therefore you have trouble absorbing enough B12 leading to pernicious anemia

s/s of chronic gastritis

Affects lower end of the stomach, antrum, and pylorus, near the duodenum- Freq. Assoc. with H. pylori, S/s poor appetite, heartburn after eating, belching, sour taste,

Acute gastritis S/S

s/s of chronic gastritis

Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease

Choledococholithotomy

Which ulcer is associated w/ extensive burns?

What is the most prominant sign of inflammatory bowel disease?

peripheral veins used for ____

Which dietary modification is utilized for a pt dx w/ acute pancreatitis?

An iliostomy resivior should be emptied...

Reddened circumscribed lesion that ulcerates and becomes crusted- primary lesion of syphilis

What does TPN contain?

What is a protrusion of the intestine through a weakened area in the abdominal wall?

Diet modification for a pt dx w/ IBS

When should you use TPN

Which mouth condition is associated w/ HIV

The presence of mucus and pus in stools suggest which condition?

The primary source of microorganisms for cath-related infections are the skin and...

Which surgical procedure for obesity utilizes a prosthetic device to restrict oral intake?

To ensure patency of central venous line ports, diluted heparin flushes are used in which situation?

A pt being treated for diverticulosis should...

Fat soluable vitamins and fatty acids, glycerol absorbed into____

Dysphagia

odynaphagia

dyspepsia

What is the most common type of complain of a pt w/ pancreatitis?

symptom of GERD which is characterized by burning sensation in the esophagus

Clinical manifestations of cholelithiasis?

Initially, which diagnositic should be completed following placement of an NG tube?

Which enzyme begins the digestion of starches?

Which is caused by improper cath placement and inadvertent puncture of the pleura

Borborygmus

Which is an inaccurate clinical manifestation assoc. w/ hemorrhage?
hypotension
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Tachypnea

Mercury is typically used in placement of which tube?

A pt w/ a sigmoid colostomy will have ____ feces?

Which symptom would the nurse ovserve after an intestinal perforation?

a pt w/ IBS is significantly at risk for

Which is the major carb that tissue cells use as fuel

The most significant complication r/t continuous tube feedings is _____

Inflammation of the salivary glands

Celiac spruce is an example of which category of malabsorption

What is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pts with chronic pancreatitis

Blood flow to the GI tract is approx what % of total cardiac output?

What is the most common symptom of colon cancer?

Halitosis and a sour taste in the mouth are clinical manifestations associated w/

post op care of a pt after esophageal surgery- nurse observes bloating- instruct to

Digestion in small intestine

A pt w/ duodenal ulcers would secrete ____ acid

Pts with gastric cancer would secrete____ acid

What is a gerontological consieration associated w/ the pancreas

Bariatric surgical procedure optimal for long term weight loss

What type of feeding should be given to a pt who is at risk for diarrhea due to hypertonic feeding solutions

Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest____

Major enzymes and secretions in the small instetine

Lipase and pepsin help digest _____

using gastric analysis the nurse would expect a pt dx w/ peptic ulcer would secrete...

Serum amylase levels return to  normal....

Primary sx of IBS

____ is characterized by white patches, usually on the buccal mucosa

A pt with an iliostomy should avoid...

Which enzyme aids in the digestion of protein?

S/s of progressive gastric cancer include...

What is a clinical manifestation of abdominal perforation disease process?

A pt has undergone radial neck dissection. His skin graft is pale. This indicates which condition?

When gastric analysis testing reveals excess secretion of gastric acid, which med dx is supported?

semi-fowlers position is maintained for at least ____ following completion of an intermittent tube feeding

Preprocedure for a pt scheduled for a proctosigmoidoscopy involving lower GI structures?

cancer of the ___+____ is the 2nd most common type of internal cancer in the US

A pt diagnosed w/ a duodenal ulcer will likely experience _____

When shouldTPN be used cautiously

For a pt with a disorder of GI system, what history should the nurse assess?

Major enzymes in the mouth

Possible indications for TPN by central lines

Clusters of ulcers that take on a cobblestone appearance associated w/ which disease?

Peptic ulcers disease occurs more frequently in which blood type?

Hickman and Groshong are examples of which type of central venous access devices?

Problems ingesting necessary nutrients- difficulty swallowing

Post operatively, a pt with a radical neck dissection should be placed in which position

causes of dysphagia

Enzymes and secretions in the stomach

dysphagia- tolerate solids better than liquids

Following acute gallbladder inflammation a pt should avoid which food

Which type of diarrhea is caused by increased production and secretion of H20, electrolytes by intestinal mucosa into intestinal lumen

S/s of Achalasia (cardiospasm, aperistalisis)

Rebound hypoglycemia is a complication of parental nutrition caused by____

most common cause of diarrhea

causes of esophageal strictures

When irrigating a colostomy the nurse lubricates the cath and inserts into the stoma no more than ____ inches

A nontunneled cath can be used for no more than _____

Transmural thickening usualy is an early pathologic sign of _____

Typical s/s of appendicitis

S/s of esophageal cancer

Causes of acute gastritis

The most common s/s of esophageal disease

Erosion of a mucous membrane forms an excavation in the stomach, pylorus, duodenum, or esophagus

Risk factors for PUD

Manifestations of PUD

A sharply defined break or ulceration in the protectice mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach or duodenum which may involve submucosa and muscular layers- may expose the submucosal layers to gastric acid secretions and pepsin and cause autodigestion

____ ulcers extend throught he muscularis mucosa and damage blood vessels, causing bleeding or may lead to perforation of the GIT wall

Pain, buringin and gnawing pain in the high left epigastric region
Gastric acid secreted in parietal cells of fundus of the stomach

Predisposing factors for Peptic ulcers

Increased back diffusion of gastric acid into the tissues/mucosa of the stomach causes

The most common site for peptic ulcer formation is in the

____ ulcers are associated with weight loss, burning left epigastric area, food frequently aggraves pain, no pain at bedtime

____ ulcers- right epigastric pain at bedtime,
burning, cramping, mid epigastric pain
pain 2-4 hours after a meal, eating decreases pain, weight gain, melena in elderly, Stress/Drug induced

Disorder of altered intestinal motility in which the colon does not contract in a normal pattern, hereditary tendency- s/s gas, bloating, constipation, diarrhea,

Cluster of symptoms that occur despite the avsence of a disease process (motility disorder primarily affecting colon)- fluctuating instestinal motility

metabolic disorder- inability to metabolize peptides (protein)

Bacterial infection of intestines (protein malabsorption and other nutrients)

Frequent loose, bulky, foul, fatty stools, gray in color, float-

s/s of appendicitis

rovsings sign

Complications of appendicitis

Presence of puches of mucosa and submucos that protrudes or herniate through the circular muscles of the intestinal wall- most common in the sigmoid colon

Inflammation of the peritoneum and abdominal cavity from trauma, ischemia, tumor perforation, leakage of organ contents into pertoneal cavity- Complication of bacterial infection from perforated pepptic ulcer, ruptured appendix, also complication of CAPD

A disease that causes inflammation in the small intestine, but it may affect any part of the GI tract

S/S of Chron's

S/S: patho/etiology: epithelial lining of colon is shed, multiple ulcerations exact cause unknown; triggered poss. Infection, allergy, emotional stress- generally starts in the rectum, as a rule no healthy tissue appears between inflammed areas

A collection of pus in the perianal area

S/Sx of anorectal Abscess

Inflammation of the liver from exposure to infectious microorganism, hepatotoxic chemicals or drugs

s/s of hepatitis

Liver cells are infiltrated with fat and WBCs, then replaced with fibrotic tissue changing obstruction of hepatic blood flow and normal liver function- Decr. absorp.and utilization of fat soluble vitamins such as ADEK

_____ hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis or even death

Type __ viral hepatitis- contaminated food, water, milk, through feces incubation period- 3-7 weeks

Type __ viral hepatitis- Serum hepatits- blood transfusions, mucous membrane, incubation period- 2-5 months

Type __ hepatitis-blood transfusions, needle sticks, a cause of acute and chronic hepatitis/world- incubation period 1 week- months

Type __ hepatitis- a coinfection with HBV- transmitted

Type __ hepatitis- usuallyu contaminated water, similar to HAV seen in poor contries, inadequate sanitation, incubation period 2-9 weeks

Chronic, progressive disease characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and degeneration of liver parenchymal cells

S/S of Chronic liver failure

pathophys of liver failure

S/S of acute pancreatitis

A progressive inflammatory disorder with destruction of the pancreas. Cells are replaced by fibrous tissue, and pressure within the pancrease increases.

Etiology of chronic pancreatitis

A progressive disease, irreversible, normal pancreatic tissue is replaced by connective tissue, enzyme production decreases, pancreas becomes small and hardened- usual age 45-60, then live 25 years

Functions of the liver

Pancreas enzymes