-
the biggest impediment to academic success
stress
-
-
-
one primary function of cortisol is to release
glucose
-
describes how the body responds to stress when homeostasis is disrupted
general adaptive syndrome
-
the psychological reaction induced by nervous and hormonal signals that readies the heart, muscle, and other organs and systems in ways that promote survival
fight or flight response
-
the simultaneous changes that occur in the body to maintain homeostasis
allostasis
-
causes cancer by weakening the immune system
cancer
-
an individual's response to stress in severe cases
post-traumatic stress disorder
-
a state of stress-induced physical and mental exhaustion
burnout
-
a stress management technique that identifies muscular tension and releases it one muscle group at a time
progressive muscle relaxation
-
involves monitoring physical stress response
biofeedback
-
the second leading cause of death in the United States
cancer
-
a non-cancerous tumor
benign
-
cancerous tumor that needs oxygen and nutrients to grow
malignant
-
two main types of lymphomas
Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins
-
leukemias cause an increase in
white blood cells
-
the fastest growing chronic disease
dibetes
-
the majority of Americans with diabetes have this type
Type 2
-
In Type 2 diabetes, the cells become resilient to
insulin
-
reduce your cell's sensitivity to insulin
refined carbohydrates
-
post-menopausal women are at a greater risk for
osteoporosis
-
a group of join diseases
arthritis
-
causes the body's immune system to attack the joints
rheumatoid arthritis
-
the leading cause of death in the United States
cardiovascular disease
-
the type of cardiovascular disease that causes most deaths
coronary heart disease
-
blood pressure is represented by ________ over ________
systolic over diastolic
-
the type of cholesterol that removes plaque from the artery walls
HDL
-
the risk for cardiovascular disease is lowered by
moderate exercise
-
the measure of the amount of chemical energy that food provides
calories
-
of the 20 amino acids, 9 are considered _____
essential
-
protein from plant sources can be combined to obtain _______ ______
complementary proteins
-
type of carbohydrates that primarily provide energy
simple carbohydrates
-
a measure of the rate at which foods raise blood sugar levels
glycemic index
-
produced by adding hydrogen atoms to unsaturated oil
trans fats
-
a disease associated with low calcium intake
osteoporosis
-
in order to lose weight, an individual should strive to achieve a negative ________ ________
caloric balance
-
women need ____% essential fat for reproductive system related fat tissue in the body
12
-
the relative amounts of lean and fat tissue in the body
body composition
-
the method of body composition assessment using low-dose beams of x-ray energy to measure total fat mass, fat distribution pattern, and bone density
DXA
-
the principle that lean tissue is a better conductor than fat
bioelectrical impedance
-
the minimal amount of fat needed for normal psychological function
essential fat
-
a pound of fat is comprised of _______ calories
3,500
-
the simplest method of stretching for those just starting a stretching program
static stretching
-
stretching with a jerking or bouncing movement
ballistic stretching
-
often measured by determining the maximum weight a person can lift one time
muscular strength
-
skeletal muscles are under ______ control
voluntary
-
athletes with ____ twitch fibers are more suited for sports requiring quick or short actions (like sprints or weight lifting)
fast
-
best developed by weight work with lower resistance and higher repetition
muscular endurance
-
the ability of the cardiovascular respiratory systems to provide oxygen to the muscles
cardiorespiratory fitness
-
the most popular cardiorespiratory activity in the United States
walking
-
The human heart has 4 chambers, 2 upper (______), and 2 lower (_______)
atria, ventricle
-
the pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels
blood pressure
-
What is the best exercise for cardiorespiratory exercise?
one that increases the heart rate the most over time
-
Prochaska's states of change
- pre-contemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
- termination
-
a set of attributes that relate to your ability to perform moderate to vigorous physical activity without undue fatigue
physical fitness
-
principle about training at a level that is greater than what your body is accustomed to
overload principle
-
a change in the body that occurs as a result of exercise training
training effect
-
states that the amount of adaptation you can expect from exercise directly relates to the amount of overload incorporated into the program
dose response
-
components of the FITT formula
- frequency
- intensity
- time
- type
-
a change in a body system as a result of training
adaptation
-
the optimal soundness of body and mind
wellness
-
hypokinetic diseases are cause by
inactivity
-
the 6 dimensions of wellness are
interconnected
-
increased levels of body fat put an individual at risk for
diabetes
-
muscle fibers that tend to fatigue slowly
slow-twitch
-
as muscle temperature increases, so does
flexibility
-
incorporates height and weight to estimate weight classifications
BMI
-
overall, most college students do not consume enough
whole-grains
-
from a health standpoint, body fat percentage is more important than
body weight
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