English Final Exam

Why did the ancients start with the Fable and the Tale progymnasmatas when they taught rhetoric?

Which of the following is/are true statement(s) about the role of rhetorical exchange in American democracy?

What does participation in productive argument require?

What are the three types of intrinsic proofs, according to Aristotle?

True or False.
In his campaign for the presidential election, the former governor's advertisements focused on portraying his good standing with the community leaders, his faithfulness as a husband, and his superior parenting skills as a father. This is an example of an intrinsic proof, specifically an ethical proof or "ethos."

True or False.
Rhetors seldom argue from a simple list of facts.

True or False.
In her speech, Susie used facts from a research study done on the negative effects of alcohol on the human liver as a proof to support her proposition that prohibition of alcohol should be reinstated as a federal law. This is an example of an intrinsic proof.

True or False.
Ancient rhetoricians believed that language, or words, represent thoughts and clearly convey the thinking of one person to another.

True or False.
Because ideologies construct the image you have of your "self," or your identity, a person's ideology cannot be changed.

A rhetorical situation in which the people who are involved disagree about something; also "proof".

A fictional story meant to teach a moral lesson.

An interpretive framework used to make sense of an array of data or knowledge; also "ideology".

The context of a rhetorical act; minimally made up of a rhetor, an issue, and an audience.

Proof that is found in the issue or the case.

Put the parts of a fully-developed Chreia (progymnasmata) in sequential order, as suggested by the textbook.

When applying kairos to a rhetorical situation, a rhetor selects the most appropriate argument, based on __________.

True or False.
Amplification can help a rhetor make an argument more relevant or up-to-date.

Which of the following statements is/are true about how kairotic analysis prepares the rhetor to discuss an issue?

Kairos is a "window" of time during which rhetorical action (or discourse) is most advantageous. Rhetorical situation is the context of rhetorical action (or discourse), minimally made up of the rhetor, the issue, and the audience. Given these two definitions, what is ONE relationship between kairos and rhetorical situation?

True or False.
Students use the Tale as progymnasmata to practice "bare" narrative structure; students use the Chreia as progymnasmata to practice modifying a narrative for a particular rhetorical situation (amplifying).

True or False.
Students use Chreia as progymnasmata, or writing exercises, to practice modifying their writing to meet situational constraints (amplification).

True or False.
Kairos, as a means of invention, creates a heuristic specific to the issue's relevancy in time, community, and place.

True or False.
Amplification, modifying arguments to meet situational constraints of a particular rhetorical situation, is the practical application of kairos, which identifies the arguments that are suitable for a particular rhetorical situation.

Greek term meaning the right time, opportunity, occasion, or season.

A discourse that praises someone or something.

A progymnasmata in which the rhetor elaborates on a famous event or saying; also a brief saying always attributed to a specific person.

Any system of investigating issues.

The ancient art of saying a great deal about very little.

Any well-known saying or bit of community wisdom; a brief saying NOT attributed to a specific person.

Any statement or bit of knowledge commonly shared among an audience or community.

The context of a rhetorical act; minimally made up of a rhetor, an issue, and an audience.

When applying kairos to a rhetorical situation, a rhetor selects the most appropriate argument, based on __________.

Which of the following statements is/are true explanations of how using a heuristic can help you develop copia (writing strategies)?

True or False.
Ancient rhetoricians taught the Chreia and the Tale progymnasmatas to their students at the beginning of their studies because they hoped the moral components would influence their students to become ethical citizens who would practice rhetoric responsibly.

True or False.
Amplification can help a rhetor make an argument more relevant or up-to-date.

A rhetor, who is using kairos as a strategy, will debate an issue only when the issue is "hot" and __________.

Put the parts of a fully developed Common-place (progymnasmata) in sequential order, as suggested by the textbook.

A common topic that requires rhetors to approach an issue with questions about the chance of change, now or in the future.

A common topic that requires rhetors to approach an issue with comparative questions of size, magnitude, and value.

A common topic that requires rhetors to approach an issue with educated guesses about existence and extent of existence.

Means of invention useful for developing arguments drawn from specific arts such as politics or ethics.

If a rhetor wants to argue that ACDC is the greatest heavy metal band of all time, she will most likely use the common topic of__________ as an invention strategy.

Rhetors may need a great deal of specific knowledge to create arguments in areas such as politics, ethics, or law. When rhetors generate arguments in these areas, what topics do they need to employ as a means of invention?

True or False.
Commonplaces, statements that circulate within ideologies, do NOT include stereotypes or clichŽs.

If a rhetor wants to argue that it is possible that humans will live on Mars in the future, she will most likely use the common topic of __________ as an invention strategy.

True or False.
The common-place progymnasmata is a natural extension of the chreia progymnasmata, in which students practice amplification of a common or well-known saying, because students are extending their use of amplification by learning to elaborate on the moral quality of a commonly held belief.

In order to use a commonplace as means of invention, a rhetor would begin his argument with a statement that the audience could assume is true, or, in other words, begin with a commonplace as a ____________.

Epideictic topics are appropriate for use in a courtroom or in legal matters.

If a rhetor wants to argue that coffee is a better stimulant than alcohol for generating intellectual conversation, what commonplace might he employ in his conjecture?

Which of the following is/are true statement(s) about why is it important, as a rhetor, to understand the use of commonplaces in a rhetorical argument?

In rhetoric, the power of an ideology is measured by the degree of influence it has over groups of people. Ideologies that are subscribed to by many people are called "dominant" or "hegemonic;" ideologies subscribed to by smaller groups of people are called ____________.

Stylistic choices, such as verb tense and verb voice, affect a rhetor's invented ethos. Which verb voice construction tends to increase rhetorical distance, allows the rhetor to avoid taking responsibility for his statements or disguise his ignorance, and may damage the audience's estimate of the rhetor's intelligence?

True or False.
When a rhetor has a strong opinion or attitude about the issue, and the rhetorical situation allows for a more intimate rhetorical distance, he should remain neutral as possible, expressing neither a supporting nor rejecting attitude.

In an effort to make her report sound more formal, a student in College Writing I uses the thesaurus to look up several big words with lots of syllables. Then she substitutes the longer words for her own shorter, more concise words. This will likely result in __________.

What is ONE example of how a rhetor, through self-characterization (ethical proofs), can portray himself as possessing good moral character?

True or False.
A character progymnasmata is an exercise in which the writer imitates a proposed person.

What is ONE example of how a rhetor, through self-characterization (ethical proofs), can portray himself as well-informed?

What is the most influential style element in establishing voice and rhetorical distance?

Under what circumstances is it most important to use ethical proofs in an argument (i.e., that the rhetor's good character be established)?

A rhetor's way of life or reputation in the relevant community; also "ethos;" also a progymnasmata.

Feature of English; indicates who is speaking or writing, and/or the relation of the user to hearers/readers and/or issues.

Feature of English; allows user to identify the subject with an actor in the sentence or to substitute some other word int he subject position.

A rhetorical stance that creates less identification with the audience and less persuasive potential

Dimension of situated ethos; the position of the rhetor to influence the ideology of participants in a rhetorical act.

Stylistic choices, such as verb tense and verb voice, affect a rhetor's invented ethos. Which verb tense tends to decrease rhetorical distance, gives an audience a sense of participation in the events that are occurring, and evokes a sense of immediacy?

Because rhetoric is embedded in social situations, the relative social standing of participants in a rhetorical situation (situated ethos) can affect a rhetor's persuasiveness (invented ethos). What are the three major dimensions of situated ethos in any rhetorical situation?

A progymnasmata that discusses the attributes or appearance of something or someone.

A figure in which a rhetor creates a vivid scene.

Language that respects or glorifies.

Greek term for emotions or passions

Language that disparages or downplays

Besides pitiful, what does "pathetic" mean?

Which of the following is/are true attitudes that audience members may hold about a rhetor's ethos?

True or False.
The description progymnasmata is an exercise in enargeia (vivid description of events).

Put the parts of Arrangement in sequential order, as suggested by the textbook.

True or False.
In the confirmation, the weakest arguments should appear last

As we learned in Chapter 1, kairos is a temporal concept, meaning that it concerns WHEN to marshal a proof. But, as we learn in Chapter 9, it also has a spatial dimension, meaning that it concerns WHERE a proof is placed. What modern term best represents the idea of kairos's spatial dimension?

Which of the following is/are true type(s) of peroration?

True or false.
Of the three types of perorations, a rhetor should concentrate his or her energies on emotional appeals or enhancing ethos, when she chooses to include them, rather than on summarization.

True or False.
Not every argument requires a partition; if only one point is to be made, a narrative will suffice.

The part of a discourse that elaborates arguments in support of a rhetor's position.

May summarize, arouse emotions, or enhance the rhetor's ethos; the final part of a discourse.

States the issue and may supply a history of the issue; second part of a discourse.

The first part of a discourse (Latin).

A rhetor's proposition and proofs developed for use in a specific rhetorical situation.

First part of discourse (Greek)

Makes the audience well-disposed, receptive, and attentive; the first part of a discourse (English).

An ancient exercise wherein students copied and elaborate on the work of revered or admired authors.

An ancient exercise wherein students imitated sense of a discourse in words the than those used by original author.