BIOLOGY REVIEW 3211

The thermohaline current is important because it transports this around the globe

In a controlled experiment, the variable that is the factor you are measuring

n a controlled experiment, the variable that is the factor you choose to manipulate

In science, a concept that has been supported by many observations, experiments, and data and has been tested many times

Portion of the pelagic zone of a lake or ocean through which light penetrates

A temperate biome with low precipitation

An aquatic biome that is a transition from river to sea

Marine biome with very high diversity

A Change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA of an organism

All the copies of every type of allele in every individual of a population

A population that is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium will have a change in these

A type of mating that must take place in a population for it to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

This type of selection takes place when environmental conditions favor individuals with one extreme of a phenotypic range

Species that lay many eggs, of which few survive, have this type of survivorship curve

Type of growth model that takes into account the availability of resources

In humans, there is a higher survivorship of young and middle aged individuals which is the characteristic of this type of survivorship curve

The birth rate of a population minus the death rate

The process of selective breeding that led to all the different breeds of dogs we have today is an example of this type of selection

These fossils have some characteristics of an ancestral group and other characteristics of a derived group

The anal spur of a snake is an example of this type of “leftover” structure inherited from an ancestor but no longer used

Molecular evidence of the relatedness of living organisms today can be found in this hereditary molecule

Evidence of a common ancestor to all vertebrates can be seen in these two structures found in all vertebrate embryos

The amount of light energy that is converted to chemical energy by autotrophs

The terrestrial biome with the highest rate of primary production

The Largest reservoir of carbon

Organisms that recycle nutrients by converting dead organic material into inorganic material that producers can use

Type of succession that occurs after a volcanic eruption

The approximate age of earth

A cell like structure that has a lipid membrane and metabolic reactions but no genetic material

The concept that younger rock is on top of older rock

The time it takes for half of a radioactive isotope to decay to a non-radioactive isotope

Theory that explains how the 1st eukaryotic cells may have come about

The efficiency transfer from one trophic level to the next

Organisms that feed on the producers in a community

Direction of energy flow in a trophic pyramid

Where toxins accumulate in a trophic pyramid

What is described by the trophic structure of a community?

The offspring that result from an interspecific mating

Type of reproductive isolation that separates these two species of garter snake, one that prefers to be in the water and one that prefers to be on land

A mule is an example of this type of reproductive barrier

Corals have external fertilization so they often have this type of isolation that prevents fertilization

Two populations of mosquitofish live in different ponds and have different environmental pressures. Over time they may become two different species via this type of speciation

Type of plant that has naked seeds found in cones

Common name for nonvascular plant

Type of plant that thrived during the Carboniferous Period and made the industrial revolution possible

The fruit of an angiosperm develops from this structure

The term used to describe a seed plant that produces both seed and pollen cones (or flowers) on each individual plant

One characteristic that separates plants from green algae is the protection of this

An apple tree represents this plant generation

Plant cell walls are composed of this

A single cell produced asexually that is capable of developing into a new individual plant under the right conditions

The generation of a moss that is green and leafy

Single celled protists with silica shells

Some heterotrophic protists move by streaming cytoplasm in these changing structures

The pathogenic protist that causes malaria

The type of protist that caused the potato famine of the 1800’s

A ciliated heterotrophic protist with 2 nuclei- a micronucleus and a macronucleus

Ultimately, where most of the mass of a plant comes from

The process that drives the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

Type of plant tissue composed of undifferentiated cells

The two types of meristem tissue in plants

The vascular cambium produces this kind of tissue

Gymnosperm seeds are different from angiosperm seeds in that they lack this tissue

Type of fruit that develops from a flower with one carpel

In flowering plants, the mature seed contains the embryo and the nutrients in the form of endosperm and these structures

In flowering plants, the cells from which the endosperm develops

As the seed develops, the first division of the zygote yields two cells- the terminal cell which will develop into the embryo and the basal cell which develops into this structure that anchors the embryo to the parent plant or endosperm

Primary growth in plants is growth in this direction

These specialized cells transport xylem sap

Plant tissue that makes indeterminate growth in plants possible

These specialized cells of vascular tissue lack nuclei and ribosomes but adjacent companion cells synthesize proteins for them

Most of a plant’s metabolic reactions take place in this type of ground tissue cell

Type of bacteria with thick cell walls that stain purple in crystal violet

These structures pull two bacterial cells together for conjugation

Membranous structures where photosynthesis takes place in cyanobacteria

Term used to describe the integration into the bacterial chromosome of free DNA picked up from the environment

A bacterium that is capable of donating a copy part of its chromosome to another bacterium

Term for a flower that is lacking either stamen, carpels, sepals, or petals

These three “Fs” distinguish angiosperm reproduction from gymnosperm reproduction

This method of asexual reproduction involves the breaking off of a piece of the parent plant that then grows into a new individual plant which is genetically identical to the parent

This structure is composed of the megasporangium, the megaspore, and the integuments

These cells of the female gametophyte produce chemicals that guide the pollen tube to the micropyle