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readyreg29
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To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
Subtract 32 from temperature then x .0555
98.6F - 32 x 0.555 = 36.9 (37C)
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To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
- Multiply by 1.8 then + 32
- 37C x 1.8 + 32 = 98.6F
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To Calculate the volume to be administered
Desired dose (mg) divided by concentration of drug on hand (mg/mL) = volume to be administered
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To calculate the concentration of drug on hand
(per milliliter)
Total Weight of the Drug(amount on hand mg,g) divided by Total Volume in Milliliters = Weight per Milliliter
100mg (total weight) / 10mL (total volume) = 10mg/mL
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The "six rights" of medication administration
- Right:
- Patient
- Drug
- Dose
- Route
- Time
- Documentation
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Techniques used to gain vascular access in the prehospital setting
- Cannulation of peripheral extremity vein
- External jugular vein cannulation
- Intraosseous access
- Longterm vascular access devices
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What critical information does the Medic need to know about their drugs they carry
- Indications
- Contraindications
- Therapeutic effects
- Side effects
- Appropriate doses
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The two different ways IV solutions are categorized
Crystalloid or Colloid (dissolved components or make up)
Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic (based on tonicity)
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Reflects the concentration of sodium in a solution and the movement of water in relation to the sodium levels inside and outside the cell
Tonicity
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a 7 year old requires 0.02mg/kg of drug. You have 1 mg in 10 mL. the child weighs 60lb. What is the desired dose?
How much volume will you give?
- Step 1: Convert child's weight; 60 / 2.2 = 27kg
- Step 2: Determine desired dosage; 0.02mg x 27kg = 0.5mg
- Step 3: Determine concentration
- 1mg / 10mL = 0.1mg/mL
- Step 4: Determine how much volume to administer; 0.5mg / 0.1mg/mL = 5mL
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To adjust the flow rate according to the patient's clinical condition (or as dictated by medical control) you must know:
- The volume to be infused
- The period which is to be infused
- How many drops per milliliter (gtt/mL)
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Calculating fluid infusion rates formula:
Volume to be infused (administered) x gtt/mL (drip set) divided by time (in minutes)
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You must use caution when cannulation of leg veins because they can place the patient at greater risk of
- Venous thrombosis
- Pulmonary embolism
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Points where one vein may split into two
Bifurcations
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To document the establishment of an IV line you need to include
- The:
- Gauge of needle
- IV attempts vs. successes
- Site
- Type of fluid administered
- Rate at which fluid is running
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To convert a larger unit of weight to a smaller one
- Multiply by 1000 or
- or move the decimal point three places right
(1.6 = 1600)
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When dividing medication dosages you want divide?
The Volume (mL) into the Weight (mg,g,kg)
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How do you convert mL to L
Divide the smaller unit of volume by 1000 or move decimal three places to the left
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How do you convert L to mL
Multiply L by 1000 or move decimal three places to the right
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How do you convert a smaller unit of weight to a larger unit when the difference is 1000
move the decimal three places to the left
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Enteral medications are those that are given through:
Some portion of the digestive or intestinal tract
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Enteral & Alimentary medications are administered (how)?
- Orally
- Through feeding tubes
- Rectally
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The time drugs are absorbed from the stomach and intestines
30 - 90 minutes
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Subcutaneous (SC) injections are given into the:
Loose connective tissue between the dermis and muscle layer
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Common sites for Subcutaneous injections
- Upper arms
- Anterior thighs
- Abdomen
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Responsive patients should receive ________prior to infusion of fluids when performing IO infusion
1% Lidocaine
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A saline lock is attached to the end of an IV catheter and filled with approximately 2 mL of NS to keep what from happening
Blood from clotting at the end of the catheter
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GENERIC NAME: THIAMINE HCl (vitamin B1)
- BRAND NAME: Betalin
- CLASS: Vitamin
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GENERIC NAME: VASOPRESSIN
- No brand name
- CLASS: Pituitary (antidiuretic) hormone
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GENERIC NAME: VERAPAMIL HCl
- BRAND NAME: Isoptin, Calan, Verelan
- CLASS: Calcium channel blocker
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GENERIC NAME: SUCCINYLCHOLINE
CLASS: Ultra-short-acting depolarizing-type skeletal muscle relaxant
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Patients can draw in as much as how much of their tidal volume through an open external jugular vein
10%
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The water that bathes the cells, accounts for about 10.5% of body weight.
Cerebrospinal fluid
Intraocular fluid
Interstitial fluid
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The water within the blood vessels, carries red blood cells, white blood cells, and vital nutrients.
4.5% of body weight
Intravascular fluid
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The best choice of fluids for prehospital care of injured patients who need body fluid replacement
Crystalloid solutions
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Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of the vein
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Allergic reactions associated with IV therapy:
- Itching (pruritus)
- Shortness of breath
- Edema of the face & hands
- Urticaria (hives)
- Bronchospasm
- Wheezing
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How much normal saline should you use as a flush after administering a medication through a gastric tube?
30 to 60 mL
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Whenever flow problems from IV administration occurs check the:
- IV fluid
- Administration set
- Height of IV bag
- Type of catheter used
- Constricting band
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Lactated Ringer’s solution is an example of what type of solution?
A) Hypotonic
B) Isotonic
C) Colloid
D) Hypertonic
B) Isotonic (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Peripheral vein cannulation is performed in all of the following locations EXCEPT:
A) the hand.
B) the foot.
C) anticubital.
D) subclavian.
D) subclavian. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Which of the following drop sets would be considered a microdrip set?
A) 60 gtts
B) 30 gtts
C) 10 gtts
D) 15 gtts
A) 60 gtts (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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How many drops does it take to equal a milliliter with a macrodrip set?
10
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When starting an external jugular line, you should always:
- Position the patient supine and head down.
- Carefully feel for the carotid pulse.
- Occlude the jugular vein with your finger.
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