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pugsrule915
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Brain stem
- controls autonomic behaviors necessary for survival
- connects brain to spinal cord
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Brain stem lesions
- spinal lesion
- lesion below midbrain
- lesion above midbrain
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spinal lesion
- spinal shock
- ---muscles become flaccid then spastic
- --- reflexes slowly return
- cant stand or support weight
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lesion below spinal cord
- increase muscle tone
- positive supportive reflex (can stand but rigid)
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lesion above spinal cord
show positive supportive reflex, righting reflex, waking reflex
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Basal Ganglia
- subconscious control of skeletal muscle control
- help coordinate learned movement patterns
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Direct Pathway
- ↑ motor activity by-
- ---decreasing inhibition to thalamic nuclei
- ---increase excitation of motor cortex
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Indirect Pathway
- ↓ motor activity by-
- ---increasing inhibition to thalamus
- --- decrease excitation to motor cortex
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Dopamine
increase movement
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Parkinson’s
- destruction of dopaminergic neurons leads to bradykinesia
- -- decrease dop decreases movement
- cholinergic neurons not affected further decreasing movement
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Parkinson’s Signs/Symptoms
- resting tremor
- rigidity
- postural instability
- bradykinesia/akinesia
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Huntington’s
- destruction of cholinergic neurons
- decreasing IP and therefore increasing motor activity
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Huntington’s Signs/Symptoms
- dementia
- chorea (uncontrolled rapid movements)
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