bms 1

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Brain stem
- controls autonomic behaviors necessary for survival
- connects brain to spinal cord
Brain stem lesions
- spinal lesion
- lesion below midbrain
- lesion above midbrain
spinal lesion
- spinal shock
- ---muscles become flaccid then spastic
- --- reflexes slowly return
- cant stand or support weight
lesion below spinal cord
- increase muscle tone
- positive supportive reflex (can stand but rigid)
lesion above spinal cord

show positive supportive reflex, righting reflex, waking reflex
Basal Ganglia
- subconscious control of skeletal muscle control
- help coordinate learned movement patterns
Basal Ganglia pathways
- direct
- indirect
Direct Pathway
- ↑ motor activity by-
- ---decreasing inhibition to thalamic nuclei
- ---increase excitation of motor cortex
Indirect Pathway
- ↓ motor activity by-
- ---increasing inhibition to thalamus
- --- decrease excitation to motor cortex
Dopamine

increase movement
Ach

Decrease movement
Parkinson’s
- destruction of dopaminergic neurons leads to bradykinesia
- -- decrease dop decreases movement
- cholinergic neurons not affected further decreasing movement
Parkinson’s Signs/Symptoms
- resting tremor
- rigidity
- postural instability
- bradykinesia/akinesia
Huntington’s
- destruction of cholinergic neurons
- decreasing IP and therefore increasing motor activity
Huntington’s Signs/Symptoms
- dementia
- chorea (uncontrolled rapid movements)

Author

252805

Card Set

bms 1

Description

bms 1

Updated

2013-12-12T15:04:18Z

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