increases the frequency of certain alleles-the ones that contribute to reproductive success in a particular environment.
The only one of the four processes that leads to adaptation
Natural Selection
Causes allele frequencies to cahnge randomly.
In some cases may cause alleles that decrease fitness to increase in frequency
Genetic Drift
Occurs when individuals leave one population, join another, and breed.
Allele frequencies may change because arriving individuals introduce alleles to their new population and departing individuals remove alleles from their old population
Gene Flow
Modifies allele frequencies by continually introducing new alleles.
These new alleles may be beneficial or deleterious or have no effect on fitness
Mutation
Group of individuals from the same species that live in the same area at the same time and can interbreed
Population
All alleles from all the gametes produced in each generation in a single group and then combine at random to form offspring
Gene Pool
List the 5 assumptions that must be met to meet the Hardy-Weinberg Model
Random Mating
No Natural Selection
No genetic Drift
No gene flow
No mutation
A nonrandom mating between relatives
Inbreeding
Characteristics of inbreeding
Increases homozygosity
Does not cause evolution, because allele frequencies do not change in the population as a whole
Nonrandom mating changes only genotype frequencies, not allele frequencies, so is not an evolutionary process itself
Increases the rate at which natural selection eliminates recessive deleterious alleles from a population
The decline in average fitness that takes place when homozygosity increases and heterozygosity decreases in a population
Inbreeding depression
The number of relative frequency of alleles that are present in a particular population
Genetic Variation
A form of nonrandom mating that does lead to changes in allele frequencies in the population and thus is a form of natural selection
Sexual Selection
A trait that is found in certain groups of organisms and their common ancestor, but is missing in more distant ancestors.
Synapomorphy
Species concept that the main criterion for identifying species is reproductive isolation.