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cancer/o & carcin/o
- cancer
- carcinoid - to resemble cancer
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chondr/o
- cartilage
- ex. chondrosarcoma: cancerous tumor derived from cartilage cells
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chori/o
- chorion
- ex. choriocarcinoma: cancerous tumor of the uterus or a tthe site of ectopic pregnancy
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Ewings sarcoma
primary bone cancer occurring in the pelvic area of the bones
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filtrat/o
to strain through
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lei/o
- smooth
- ex. leimyosarcoma: cancerous tumor of smooth muscle tissue
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mening/i
meninges, membrane
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myel/o
- bone marrow
- ex. myeloma: bone marrow tumor.
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palliat/o
- cloaked
- ex. palliative: pertaining to a form of treatment to relieve or alleviate symptoms without curing
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remiss/o
- remit
- ex. remission; process of lessening the severity of symptoms; time when symptoms of a disease are controlled.
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semin/i
- seed
- ex. seminoma: cancerous tumor of the testis
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terat/o
- monster
- ex. teratoma: cancerous tumor of the ovary or testis, can containg embryonic tissues of hair, teeth etc
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xer/o
- dry
- ex. xerostomia: dryness of the mouth caused by radiation therapy or
- chemo
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-plasia
- formation
- ex. anaplasia: characteristic of most cancerous cells in which there is a loss of differentiation & irreversible alteration in adult cells.
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-plasia
- formation
- anaplasia- characteristic of cancerous cell in wihch there is a loss of differentiation and an irreversible alteration in adult cells
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-stasis
- control
- ex. metastasis: beyond control. Spreading process of cancer from a p[rimary siet to a secondary site.
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2 ways in which malignant cells spread to body
invasive growth & metastasis
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invasive growth
spreading process of a malignant tumor into adj normal tissue.
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metastasis
process whereby cancer cells are spread from primary site to distant secondary sites elsewhere in the body.
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carcinomas
- malignant tumors of epithelial tissues
- ex. breast, skin, tongue, stomach, uterus
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sarcomas
- originate in connective and supportive tissues.
- ex. muscles, tendons, fat, joints and bones
- *add -oma to ed = osteosarcoma
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leukemias
cancers of blood forming tissues
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lymphomas
cancer in the lymphoid tissue
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myeloma
tumor arising in the hemopoietic portion of the bone marrow
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TNM
- TUMOR / NODE / METASTASIS
- ex. T2N1M0 - tumor stage 2, lymph node stage 1 and no metastasis
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exacerbation
process of increasing severity of symtoms; a time when the symptoms of a disease are most prevalent - opposite of remission
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ALL
acute lymphocytic leukemia
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AML
acute meyloid leukema
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CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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CML
chronic myelocytic leukemia
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NHL
non-hodgkins lymphoma
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BSE
brest self examination
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CA-125
cancer antigen 125
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FNA
fine needle aspiration
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PSA
prostate specific antigen
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Burkitt's lymphomas
malignant tumor, commonly in Africa, affects children, massive swollen jaw.
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gli/o
- glue
- ex. glioma: cancerous tumor of the brian
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Hodgkins disease
- HD
- form of lymphoma that occurs in children and young adults.
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KS
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- malignant neoplasm that causes violaceous vascular lesions - seen in AIDS pts
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nephroblastoma
tumor of kidney, aka Wilm's tumor. Found in children ages 2-3
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TSE
testicular self examination
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differentiation
process by which normal cells have a distinct appearance and specialized function
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