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What are positive symptoms for Schizophrenia?
Symptoms that reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning
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What do Schizophrenic delusions entail?
Bizarre beliefs that seem real to the person with Schizophrenia but are not
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What types of schizophrenic delusions can occur?
- Paranoid: Fear of persecution, hyper-vigilance to things such as facial expressions
- Grandiose: Inflated beliefs about the person's power and importance
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What are experiences of control?
- The person may believe they are under the influence of an Alien force that has invaded their body
- May be interpreted as the presence of spirits or implanted radio transmissions
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What are schizophrenic hallucinations?
- Bizarre, unreal perceptions
- Auditory (hearing voices)
- Visual (seeing things)
- Olfactory (smelling things)
- Tactile (feel bugs crawling under the skin ect)
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What is distorted thinking?
- The feeling that thoughts have been inserted or withdrawn from the mind
- May believe that thoughts are being broadcasted
- Incoherent or loosely associated speech is an indicator of this symptom
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What is meant by negative schizophrenic symptoms?
Symptoms that reflect a decline or loss of normal functioning
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What is affective flattening
Reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression, voice tone, eye contact and body language
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Alogia
Poverty or absence of speech thought to reflect slowing or blocked thoughts
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Catatonic behaviour
- Unusual body movements and the adoption of odd body posture, uncontrolled limb movements and sometimes complete frozen immobility
- Limbs can be moved into different positions (waxy flexibility)
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What did Eaton et al find in 1988
People with Schizophrenia who have many negative symptoms do less well in education, work and social functioning than those with few symptoms
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Give 5 examples of positive symptoms associated with Schizophrenia
- Hearing voices
- Thinking you can fly
- Irrational fear
- Delusions of grandeur
- Delusional paranoia
- Hallucinations
- Irrational thoughts
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Give 5 examples of negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia
- Apathy
- Catatonic stupor
- Alogia
- Affective flattening
- Slow, muddled thoughts
- Flat emotions
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Give 5 examples of primary impairments
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Thought disorders
- Apathy
- Emotional blunting
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Give 5 examples of secondary social impairments
- Unemployment
- Social Drift
- Institutionalisation
- Rejection+ prejudice
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Give 5 examples of secondary psychological impairments
- Dependant
- Poor coping mechanisms
- Loss of confidence
- No Motivation
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What did Wing state in 1992?
- Primary impairments (symptoms) are part of the disorder
- Secondary impairments result from the primary impairments
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What are the most common secondary symptoms of schizophrenia?
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Alcohol and drug abuse
- Social isolation
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To what are the presence and severity of secondary symptoms related?
- The amount of ongoing medical, social and therapeutic support
- High levels of support generally reduce the frequency and severity of secondary symptoms
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