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Airborne Precautions Diseases
- Measles
- Chicken pox (Varicella)
- Disseminated varicella zoster
- Tuberculosis
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Airborne Precautions Barrier Protection
- Single room maintained under negative pressure- door remains closed except when entering and exiting
- Negative airflow pressure used- minimum 6-12 air exchanges per hour depending on healthcare agency protocol
- Ultraviolet germicide irradiation or high-efficiency particulate air filter is used in the room
- Health care worker wear mask or personal respiratory protection device
- Mask placed on client when client is out of the room; client only leaves the room if necessary
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Droplet Precautions Diseases
- Adenovirus
- Diptheria (pharyngeal)
- Epiglottis
- Influenza, including H1N1 influenza
- Meningitis
- Mumps
- Mycoplasmal pneumonia or meningococcal pneumonia
- Parvovirus B19
- Pertussis
- Pneumonia
- Rubella
- Scarlet fever
- Sepsis
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
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Droplet Precautions Barrier Protection
- Private room or cohort client
- Use of mask
- Mask placed on client when client is out of the room; client leaves room only if necessary
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Contact Precautions Diseases
- Colonization or infection with a multidrug-resistant organism
- Enteric infections such as C Diff
- Respiratory infections such as RSV
- H1N1 influenza: Infection can occur by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching the mouth or nose
- Wound infections
- Skin infections such as cutaneous diptheria, herpes simplex, impetigo, pediculosis, scabies, staphylococci and varicella zoster
- Eye infection such as conjunctivitis
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Contact Precautions Barrier Protection
- Private room or cohort client
- Use of gloves and a gown when in contact with the client.
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Radiation Safety
- Label potentially radioactive material
- Reduce exposure to radiation-limit time spent near source, make distance from the source as great as possible, use shielding device such as lead apron
- Monitor radiation exposure with a film (dosimeter) badge
- Place client with radiation implant in private room
- Never touch dislodged radiation implants
- keep all linens in clients room until implant is removed
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Physiological changes in Older clients- Musculoskeletal
- Strength and function of muscles decrease
- Joints become less mobileand bones become brittle
- Postural changes and limited range of motion occur
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Physiological changes in Older clients- Nervous System
- Voluntary and autonomic reflexes become slower
- Decreased ability to respond to multiple stimuli occurs
- Decreased sensitivity to touch occurs
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Physiological changes in Older clients- Sensory
- Decreased vision and lens accommodation and cataracts develop
- Delayed transmission of hot and cold impulses occurs
- Impaired hearing develops, with high-frequency tones less perceptible
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Physiological changes in Older clients-Genitourinary
- Increased nocturia
- Occurrences of incontinence may occur
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Common Drug-resistant healthcare associated Infections
- Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
- MRSA
- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
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Types of Fire Extinguishers
- A- wood, cloth, upholstery, paper, rubbish, plastic
- B- flammable liquids or gases, grease, tar, oil-based paint
- C- electrical equipment
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