Barrons GRE E-I

unrefined; coarse; of earth; Ex. earthy remarks; OP. ethereal

of this earth; terrestrial; worldly; not divine; possible; Ex. no earthly reason

(of the tide) recede; lessen; diminish; N. OP. flow: rise of tide

showing excitement; overflowing with enthusiasm; boiling; N. ebullience; N. ebullition: state of boiling

irregular; odd; unconventional; whimsical; bizarre; not concentric

oddity; idiosyncrasy

ecclesiastical; pertaining to the church; N: minister; priest; cleric; clergyman

small church (in a prison, college, or hospital)

clergyman attached to a chapel

chaplain (in the armed forces)

selective; composed of elements drawn from disparate sources; selecting individual elements from a variety of sources; N. eclecticism

darken; extinguish; outshine; surpass; cause an eclipse

path of the sun and the planets

person concerned with the interrelationship between living organisms and their environment; person concerned with the detrimental effects of human civilization on the environment; CF. ecology

ecological community together with its environment

efficiency or conciseness in using something; thrifty management of resources

rapture; very strong feeling of joy and happiness; any overpowering emotion; ADJ. ecstatic: causing or experiencing ecstasy

great joy and delight; ecstasy; ADJ. rapturous

swirling current of water, air, etc.; V.

decree (especially one issued by a sovereign); official command

ruler in a monarchy; ADJ: (of a country) independent and self-governing; having supreme power; supreme; excellent

complete independence and self-government (of a country); supremacy of authority; power to govern

instruct; correct morally

building (of imposing size)

weird; causing fear because strange

rub out; remove the surface of

able to produce a desired effect; valid

effectual; producing a strong response; striking; in operation; in effect; Ex. effective speech/photograph

effect; produce; achieve; Ex. effectuate a reconciliation

having womanly traits

weaken; castrate

remove the sex organs (of a male animal or person)

inner excitement or exuberance; showing high spirits; emitting bubbles forming inside; bubbling from fermentation or carbonation; ADJ. effervescent; V. effervesce

having lost one's original power; barren; worn out; exhausted

power to produce desired effect; ADJ. efficacious: effectual

dummy; likeness of a person made of wood, paper, or stone; Ex. burn an effigy of the President

imitation of a real object used as a substitute; effigy

noxious(harmful) smell

rudeness without any sense of shame; shameless boldness; presumptousness; nerve; cheek

shining brightly; brilliant

pouring forth; unrestrained outpouring of feeling; V. effuse: pour out; ADJ. effusive: pouring forth; gushing

(of liquid) pour out in large quantities from a hole; make an excessive display of feeling (without true feeling); Ex. Blood gushed from the wound.

excessive interest in one's self; belief that one should be interested in one's self rather than in others; selfishness; ADJ. egoistic, egoistical

one's opinion of oneself; self-esteem

egotistic; excessively self-centered(egocentric); self-important; conceited

tendency to speak or write of oneself excessively; conceit; self-importance

notorious; conspicuously bad or shocking

exit; opening for going out; act of going out; OP. ingress

exclamation; abrupt ejection (to discharge sperm); V. ejaculate

addition of details; intricacy

work out carefully; add more detail or information; ADJ.

filled with excited joy and pride; overjoyed; in high spirits; joyful and proud; Ex. elated crowd; V. elate; N. elation

poem or song expressing lamentation (for the dead); ADJ. elegiacal, elegiac

draw out fact or information (by discussion or from someone)

cure-all; panacea; something invigorating

omission of words from a text; mark used to indicate an omission (when the meaning can be understood without them); PL. ellipses

elliptic; oval; of an ellipse; containing an ellipsis; ambiguous either purposely or because key words have been left out

expressiveness; persuasive speech; ADJ. eloquent: movingly expressive; expressing ideas well so that the hearers can be influeneced

explain; make clear; clarify; enlighten; CF. lucid

evasive; not frank; baffling; hard to grasp, catch, or understand; V. elude: escape from; escape the understanding or grasp of; Ex. elude the hunter; Ex. His name eludes me.

relating to paradise; blissful

place or condition of bliss

thin and wasted (from hunger or illness)

issue forth; come out

set free; liberate

ban on commerce or other activity

commence; go on board a boat; begin a journey

enclose; place in something; fix firmly in a surrounding mass

adorn; ornament; enhance as a story (by adding fictitious details)

taking for one's own use in violation of trust; stealing (of money placed in one's care)

ornament richly (a shield or flag); N. emblazonment

give a bodily form to; incorporate; include

produce a design in raised relief; decorate with a raised design

hug; clasp with the arms; adopt or espouse; accept readily; encircle; include; Ex. embrace the cause/socialism; Ex. all-embracing; CF. brace; CF. bracelet

surround

decorate with needlework; ornament (a story) with fancy or fictitious details; embellish

throw into confusion; involve in strife, dispute, or quarrel; entangle; CF. imbroglio

undeveloped; rudimentary; N. embryo: organism in the early stage of development

correct (usually a text); N. emendation: correction of errors; improvement

substance causing vomiting; ADJ.

rising above others; high; lofty; distinguished; Ex. eminent position

agent (sent on a mission to represent another); messenger

soothing or softening remedy (for the skin); ADJ.

salary; payment for an office; compensation

ability to identify with another's feelings, ideas, etc.; identification with and understanding of another's feelings; V. empathize; CF. sympathy

sympathy for the suffering of others; ADJ. compassionate

based on experience

imitate; rival; try to equal or excel (through imitation)

in love; Ex. enamored of his own beauty; V. enamor: inspire with love

encode; convert a message into code; put into cipher

territory enclosed within an alien land

praising; eulogistic; N. encomium: very high praise; eulogy

surround; include; Ex. His activities encompass publishing and computers.

gradual intrusion; Ex. I resent all these encroachments on my valuable time; V. encroach: take another's possessions or right gradually or stealthily; intrude; Ex. encroach on/upon

burden; N. encumbrance

fond word or act; expression of affection

make beloved; Ex. endear her to everyone; ADJ. dear: loved; cherished; high-priced

prevailing among a specific group of people or in a specific area or country; peculiar to a particular region or people; CF. pandemic

approve; support; write one's signature on the back of; N. endorsement; CF. dorsal

provide with some quality; endow

lasting; surviving; V. endure: bear (pain or suffering) for a long time; remain alive (in spite of difficulties); last; survive

invigorate; give energy to; make forceful and active

weaken; take away energy from

admit to the rights of citizenship (especially the right to vote); CF. franchise

attract; employ; hire; pledge oneself; confront; fight; enter into confliction; interlock; lock together; participate; N. engagement: agreement to marry; arrangement to meet someone or to do something; battle

charming; attractive

employed; busy; betrothed; involved in conflict

cause; produce; give rise to

occupy fully; absorb

increase; make greater (as in value, reputation, or usefulness); improve

puzzle; mystery; ADJ. enigmatic: obscure; puzzling

baffle or confuse by a difficult problem; ponder over a problem in an effort to solve; clarify or solve by reasoning; Ex. puzzle out the answer; N.

command; order; forbid

ill will; hatred; hostility

boredom; listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest; CF. annoy

hugeness (in a bad sense); excessive wickedness; Ex. enormity of the crime; ADJ. enormous

please intensely; fill with rapture and delight

settle comfortably; place comfortably (in a secure place)

follow (as a result)

make necessary; require; necessitate; involve; limit the inheritance of (property) to a specified succession of heirs; Ex. entail A on/upon B

full of initiative; showing enterprise

willingness to take new ventures; initiative; business organization; plan (that is difficult or daring); Ex. their latest enterprise to sail round the world in a small boat

capture; enslave; captivate; hold the complete attention of (as if magic); hold spellbound

lure; persuade to do (something wrong); attract; tempt

behavior (of children) causing trouble with no serious harm; damage; harm; Ex. mischief to the crops; ADJ. mischievous: causing mischief; playfully troublesome

real being

study of insects

put under a spell(condition caused by magical power); carry away(fill with strong feeling) with emotion; put into a trance; fill with delight

hypnotic state; ecstatic state; detachment from one's physical surrounding (as in contemplation or daydreaming); CF. transition

induced sleeping state; ADJ. hypnotic; V. hypnotize

plead; ask earnestly

entrance; a way in; right to enter; main dish of a meal; Ex. entree into the exclusive circle

businessperson (who assumes the risk of a business venture); contractor; ADJ. entrepreneurial

list; mention one by one

announce; proclaim; utter or speak, especially distinctly; pronounce clearly; articulate; Ex. This theory was first enunciated by him.

enclose; surround; N. environs: surrounding area (as of a city)

long period of time; an age; longest division of geologic time containing two or more eras

ornament worn on the shoulder (of a uniform, etc.)

decorative edge of hanging threads; edge

short-lived; fleeting

fast; rapid; N. ADJ. fleeting: passing quickly; ephemeral

long heroic poem, novel, or similar work of art (celebrating the feats of a hero); ADJ: (of stories or events) resembling an epic; grand

connoisseur of food and drink; gourmet; ADJ. epicurean; CF. Epicurus

believing that pleasure is good and suffering is bad and should be avoided; N.

witty thought or saying, usually short

short speech at conclusion of dramatic work

(of a story or play) loosely connected; made up of separate and loosely connected parts; N. episode: incident in the course of an experience

philosopher who studies the nature of knowledge; N. epistemology

inscription in memory of a dead person (as on a tombstone)

word or phrase characteristically used to describe a person or thing; descriptive phrase to characterize a person (often contemptous)

perfect example or embodiment; brief summary; Ex. epitome of good manners; V. epitomize: make an epitome of; be an epitome of; embody

period of time

tranquil; of even calm temper; (of temperature) steady; uniform

calmness of temperament; composure

rider on horseback; ADJ.

balance of opposing forces; balance of the mind; equanimity

resembling a horse; Ex. equine face

period of equal days and nights; the beginning of spring and autumn; Ex. vernal/autumnal equinox; ADJ. equinoctial

balance; balancing force; equilibrium

fair; impartial; OP. inequitable

fairness; justice; OP. inequity

(of words or statements) ambiguous; intentionally misleading; (of behavior) questionable; OP. unequivocal

use equivocal language to deceive people; lie; mislead; attempt to conceal the truth; N. equivocation

eat away; wear away gradually by abrasion; Ex. The sea erodes the rocks.

pertaining to passionate love or sexual love

wandering (esp. in search of adventure); straying from proper moral standards; Ex. knight-errant

odd; irregular in movement or behavior; unpredictable

mistaken; wrong; incorrect

(of a person or book) learned; full of learning; scholarly; N. erudition

prank; flighty conduct; reckless adventure that disobeys rules

mischievous trick

(esp. of a woman's behavior) capricious; often changing, esp. from one lover to another; impulsive

avoid habitually; Ex. eschew alcoholic drinks

hard to understand; known only to the chosen few, esp. initiates; N. esoterica

spying

adopt; support (an idea or aim); marry; N. espousal

respect; value; judge; N.

separated; alienated; V. estrange: alienate (people in a family); N. estrangement

like a spirit or fairy; unearthly light; heavenly; unusually refined; Ex. She has an ethereal beauty; CF. ether: upper air

of air; high in the air; lofty; immaterial; unreal

relating to races

study of humankind; study of the different races of human beings; CF. anthropology

underlying character of a culture, group, etc.; character or ideas peculiar to a specific person, group, or culture; Ex. the company ethos

study of word parts; study of the origins of words

pertaining to the improvement of race; N. eugenics: study of hereditary improvement of the human race

praising; full of eulogy

expression of praise, often on the occasion of someone's death; V. eulogize

mild expression in place of an unpleasant one; ADJ. euphemistic

sweet sound; ADJ. euphonious

feeling of exaggerated or unfounded(ungrounded; baseless) well-being; feeling of great happiness or well-being (when unreasonable); ADJ. euphoriaric

mercy killing

fleeting; vanishing; soon disappearing; V. evanesce

not frank; trying to hide the truth; eluding; evading; V. evade: avoid (a duty or responsibility) or escape from by deceit

show clearly

impartial; fair

tending to call up (emotions, memories)

call forth (memory or feeling); Ex. That old film evoked memories of my childhood; N. evocation

female sheep

male sheep; V. strike or drive against with a heavy impact

worsen; aggravate; embitter

make bitter; fill with painful or bitter feelings; make sad and angry; Ex. He was embittered by many disappointments.

extremely demanding; Ex. exacting standard of safety

demand and obtain by force; Ex. exact a promise from him; N. exaction

raise in rank or dignity; praise highly; inspire; Ex. exalt the imagination; ADJ. exalted; N. exaltation

vex; annoy or make angry (by testing the patience)

objectionable; likely to cause dislike; offensive; CF. unexceptionable: entirely acceptable

exclude; N. exception: objection; exclusion; ADJ. exceptional: unusual; of unusually high quality

selected passage (written or musical) taken from a longer work; V.

treasury; Ex. Chancellor of the exchequer

legal official of high rank; CF. chancellery(chancellory): position of a chancellor

keep as precious; cherish

cut away; cut out; N: government tax on good produced and used inside a country; N. excision

cry out suddenly; N. exclamation; ADJ. exclamatory

scold with biting harshness; censure strongly; strip the skin off

clear from blame or guilt

very bad; detestable

curse; express abhorrence for; detest

put into effect; carry out; kill as a lawful punishment; N. execution

person designated to execute the terms of a will; ¿¹¼ú ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ Á¦ÀÛÀÚ

person administering capital punishment

person having administrative authority; one branch of government executing laws; ADJ: relating to executing

legislating branch of government; CF. legislate: make laws

judicial branch of government

explanation, especially of biblical(of the bible) passages

serving as a model; outstanding; Ex. exemplary punishment/behavior; N. exemplar: typical example; model

show by example; furnish an example; serve as an example of; Ex. His pictures exemplify that sort of painting.

not subject to a duty or obligation; free from a duty; V.

effort; expenditure of much physical work; V. exert oneself: make a great effort

breathe out; OP. inhale

invigorating and refreshing; cheering; V. exhilarate: make cheerful and excited; Ex. exhilarated by the ride in the sports car

urge (by strong argument or advice); Ex. The general exhorted his men to fight bravely; N. exhortation

drive or force forward (by causing impulses); drive to take action; impel; entreat earnestly; Ex. urge horses; N: impulse that prompts action

compelling immediate action; pressing; persistent; importunate; Ex. urgent in his demands

dig out of the ground; remove from a grave

urgent situation; ADJ. exigent

small in amount; minute

pertaining to existence; pertaining to the philosophy of existentialism

departure (of a large number of people)

acquit; exculpate; free from blame or guilt

(of costs or demands) excessive; exceeding reasonable bounds

drive out evil spirits

not native; from another part of the world; strange; intriguingly unusual; Ex. exotic flower/dress

make secret plans; plot; arouse the curiosity of; N: secret scheme; plot; secret love affair

(of a person) outgoing and sociable; broad and extensive; able to increase in size

sociable; eager to mix socially with others

talk at length; speak or write in detail

exile; someone who has withdrawn from his native land; V: exile; banish; leave one's country

suitable (for a particular purpose although not necessarily morally correct); practical; politic(prudent); N: something expedient

hasten; make go faster

done with speed; quick; N. expedition

payment or expense; expending; something expended; output; Ex. receipt for the expenditure; Ex. expenditure of all the energy

specialized knowledge (in a particular field); expert skill

make amends for (a sin)

meaningless word; interjection; profane oath; swear-word

exclamation; Ex. ``Ouch''

vow; promise; use profane oaths; use offensive words

word considered offensive; Ex. ``bloody''

solemn promise; blasphemous use of sacred words to express strong feelings; swear-word; Ex. ``For Christ's sake''

explain in detail; interpret; clarify; CF. explicable

totally clear; definite; outspoken

brave and successful act; deed or action, particularly a brave deed; CF. crossing the Atlantic ocean

make use of, sometimes unjustly; N. exploitation

explanatory; serving to explain; N. exposition: explaining; exhibition

protest; remonstrance; reasoning with someone to correct or dissuade; V. expostulate

risk, particularly of being exposed to disease or to the elements; unmasking; act of laying something open; Ex. exposure of governmental corruption

explain

take possession of (often for public use and without payment)

cancel; remove a word or name (from a book or list); erase

clean; remove offensive parts of a book

(of something written or painted) still in existence

not planned; impromptu; extempore

weaken; mitigate; lessen the seriousness of (bad behavior)

root up; uproot; destroy completely

praise very highly; glorify

wring from; get money by threats, etc.; obtain by force or threats; CF. extortionate: exorbitant

twist (to extract liquid); extract by twisting; wrench painfully (necks or hands)

surrender of prisoner by one state to another; Ex. extradition treaty; V. extradite

not essential; irrelevant; superfluous; external; coming from the outside; Ex. extraneous details/noise/to the subject

projection; conjecture; V. extrapolate: infer (unknown information) from known information

free from an entanglement or difficulty; disentangle

external; not essential or inherent; extraneous; OP. intrinsic

person interested mostly in external objects and actions

mix together in close association

force or push out; thrust out; shape (plastic or metal) by forcing through a die

overflowing abundance; joyful enthusiasm; flamboyance; lavishness; ADJ. exuberant: high-spirited and lively; growing abundantly and strongly

shine brightly without a flame (as of eyes or metals); show redness and heat (in the face) after hard work or because of strong feelings; N: light produced by a heated body; brilliance of a color

flow out slowly; discharge (gradually); give forth; N. exudation

(of a thick liquid) pass or flow slowly; N: mud or thick liquid as at the bottom of a river

rejoice

build; lie; make up (a story) in order to deceive; Ex. fabricate the whole story; CF. fabric: underlying structure; Ex. fabric of society

front or face (of building); superficial or false appearance

small plane surface (of a gem(precious stone)); a side

joking (often inappropriately); unserious; humorous

easily accomplished; ready or fluent; superficial; not deep; Ex. facile solution to a complex problem; Ex. facile speaker; N. facility: ability to do something easily and well; ease in doing resulting from skill or aptitude; something that facilitates an action; amenity; Ex. with great facility

help bring about; make less difficult

copy

party; clique (within a large group); dissension

disagreement of opinions causing strife within a group

inclined to form factions; causing dissension

artificial; produced artificially; sham; false; Ex. factitious tears

handyman; person who does all kinds of work; CF. do everything

mental or bodily powers; teaching staff

false; based on a fallacy; misleading; N. fallacy: false idea or notion; false reasoning; Ex. popular fallacy; Ex. fallacy of the argument

liable to err

make (something written) false by changing

(of land) plowed but not sowed (to improve the quality); uncultivated

plant or scatter seed

hesitate; weaken in purpose or action; walk or move unsteadily through weakness; N.

trip and almost fall; proceed unsteadily; act falteringly; N.

excessive zeal; extreme devotion to a belief or cause; N. fanatic; ADJ. fanatic

imagined; unreal

breeder or dealer of animals; one who has a special interest, as for raising specific plant or animal

whimsical; visionary; imaginary; produced by imagination; Ex. fanciful scheme

imagination (of a whimsical or fantastic nature); capricious liking; V: imagine; be fond of; ADJ. decorative; elaborate

call by bugles or trumpets; showy display; spectacular public display

broad comedy; mockery; humorous play full of silly things happening; ADJ. farcical

difficult to please; squeamish; fussy; finicky

easily shocked or sickened by unpleasant things; fastidious; Ex. A nurse should not be squeamish.

belief that events are determined by forces or fates beyond one's control; ADJ. fatalistic; CF. fatal: causing death

comprehend; investigate; determine the depth of; N. unit of measurement for the depth of water

too deep to be measured or understood; unfathomable

smugly and unconsciously foolish; inane; silly; N. fatuity, fatuousness

animals of a period or region; CF. flora

courting favor by cringing and flattering; V. fawn: exhibit affection as a dog; seek favor or attention by obsequiousness

attempt to gain; seek; woo; risk; behave so as to invite; attempt to gain the favor of by attention; Ex. court disaster

disconcert; dismay; embarrass

practical; able to be carried out; practicable

feverish

fertility; fruitfulness; ADJ. fecund: very productive of crops or young

producing many young, fruits, or seeds; (of land) producing good crops; V. fertilize

producing results; profitable; prolific; producing in abundance

pretend

trick; shift; sham blow; feigned attack to draw away defensive action; V.

change position or place; exchange (one thing) for another; change in direction or position; Ex. shift the stolen goods; N. group of workers which takes turns with other groups; working period of such a group

(of a word or remark) apt; suitably expressed; well chosen

happiness; appropriateness (of a remark, choice, etc.); quality of being felicitous

of a member of the cat family; N.

cruel; (of a disease) deadly

cut or knock down (a tree or a person); bring down (with a missile)

person convicted of a grave crime; CF. felony: serious crime

(of an animal) not domestic; wild

agitation; commotion(noisy and excited activity); unrest (of a political kind); V. produce by fermentation; undergo fermentation; cause (a state of trouble)

chemical reaction that splits complex organic compounds; unrest; agitation

drive or hunt out of hiding; hunt with ferrets; drive out (as from a hiding place); expel; uncover or discover by searching; Ex. ferret out the secret; N. small fierce animal which catches rats and rabbits by going into their holes

ardent; zealous; hot

ardent; zealous; hot

(of speech) filled with passion; fervent

glowing ardor; intensity of feeling; quality of being fervent or fervid; zeal; intense heat

rankle; produce irritation or resentment; (of a cut or wound) generate pus or rot; Ex. His insult festered in my mind for days.

joyous; celebratory; relating to a feast or festival

honor at a festival; celebrate or honor with a feast; N. (outdoor) festival or feast; CF. feast

malodorous; foul

very bad or disagreeable; very dirty; Ex. foul smell/flavor/temper/language/air/deed/weather/means; N. act against the rules; V. make or become foul; commit a foul

object believed to have spiritual powers; object of excessive attention or reverence; CF. fetishism

shackle; restrict the freedom of; N. chain or shackle for the foot of a prisoner; CF. foot

total failure; CF. bottle

command; arbitrary order; Ex. presidential fiat; CF. let it be done

changeable (in affections or friendship); faithless

imaginary; non-existent; purposely invented to deceive; untrue; Ex. fictitious name/boyfriend; CF. fictional

loyalty; accuracy

invention; something invented; imaginary thing; Ex. figment of your imagination

not literal but metaphorical; using a figure(impression) of speech

written symbols; number; amount represented in numbers; outline or silhouette of a thing or human body; person (well-known); impression; diagram; pattern; group in a dance; Ex. figure of speech; V. calculate with numbers; adorn with figures; appear; consider; Ex. My name did not figure in the list.

small ornamental statuette(very small statue)

steal (things of small value)

steal things of small value; filch; snitch

pertaining to or befitting a son or daughter; Ex. filial respect

block legislation or prevent action in a lawmaking body by making very slow long speeches; N; freebooter

pirate or plunderer who makes war in order to grow rich

piece of sculpture showing a person's head, shoulders, and upper chest; V: break up; arrest; Ex. crimebuster

delicate ornamental lacelike metalwork

cord used to draw and tie together two opposite edges (as of a shoe); delicate fabric made of fine threads; V: draw together by tying a lace

particle removed by a file

conclusion; concluding part

delicate skill; V: handle with finesse

too particular; fussy; difficult to please; too concerned with unimportant details or quality; Ex. finicky about her food

fastidious; finicky; easily upset

trouble or worry over trifles; make nervous; pay too much attention to; N: needless concern or worry (about a trivial thing); anxious nervous condition; display of attention; Ex. make a fuss over the baby

limited

piece of burning wood; hothead; troublemaker; person who stirs up trouble

person who does things too quickly without thinking; ADJ. hotheaded

crevice; crack

spasmodic; intermittent; irregular

sudden outburst of an illness or feeling; convulsion caused by epilepsy

flabby; lacking firmness; weak; Ex. flaccid muscles

walk lamely; ADJ: lacking firmness; weak

droop; grow feeble; decline in vigor or strength; ADJ. flagging; CF. unflagging

bend or hang downward; become weakened; Ex. His shoulders drooped with tiredness; N.

conspicuously wicked, bad, or offensive; blatant; outrageous

act of extreme violence or viciousness; resentful anger; V: commit an outrage on; produce anger in; ADJ. outrageous: offensive

beat with or as if with a flail; move wildly; thresh grain by hand; strike or slap; toss about; N: threshing tool consisting of a stick swinging from the end of a long handle

beat (cereal plants) with a machine or flail to separate the grains from the straw

throw lightly; move or lift (the head) with a sudden motion; flip (a coin) to decide something

talent

ornate; highly elaborate; richly colored; ostentatious; showy; CF. flame

display ostentatiously; Ex. ``Honey, if you've got it, flaunt it !''

strip off skin; plunder; remove the skin from; criticize harshly

spot; mark with flecks; N: small mark or spot

inexperienced; N: young bird that has acquired wing feathers and is learning to fly; inexperienced person

wool coat of a sheep; V: shear the fleece from; rob by a trick; swindle; plunder

remove (fleece or hair) by cutting; remove the hair or fleece from; cut with or as if with shears; N: shears; pair of scissors

person who cheats people

light stroke as with a whip; V: move with a light quick blow; strike with a light quick blow (as from a whip); Ex. flick the switch

burn unsteadily or fitfully; move waveringly; N: flickering movement or light; brief sensation; Ex. flicker of excitement

(of a bird with large wings) wave (the wings) lightly, rapidly, and irregularly; vibrate rapidly or erratically; fly by waving quickly; flitter; N.

hesitate; shrink back (in fear of something unpleasant); Ex. She did not flinch in the face of danger.

lacking proper seriousness; Ex. flippant remarks about death; N. flippancy

send (something) spinning, often into the air, by striking with a light quick blow; turn over; Ex. flip over

fly; fly or move lightly or quickly; dart lightly; pass swiftly by; Ex. a bee flitting from flower to flower

flat mass of floating ice

plants of a region or era

condition or period of flowering

ruddy; (of a complexion) reddish; flowery; very ornate; CF. rose

redden; blush; flow suddenly and abundantly; wash out by a rapid brief flow of water; N: reddish tinge; blush; brief rush; rush of strong feeling; Ex. flush of pride; ADJ: having surfaces in the same plane; even; blushing

become red in the face (from embarrassment or shame); become red or rosy; N.

give a slight degree of a color or quality to; N: slight degree of a color or quality; Ex. tinged with grey/jealousy

slight degree of color; V: give a tint to

full of flowers; full of ornate expressions

drifting wreckage

things thrown from a ship (to lighten the ship)

struggle and thrash about; proceed clumsily or falter (as in water, mud, snow, etc.); proceed in confusion

beat with a whip or flail; defeat utterly; talk about thoroughly in order to find the answer; move wildly or violently; Ex. The fishes thrashed about in the net.

grow well; prosper; make sweeping gestures; wave; brandish; Ex. The trees flourished in the sun. N: showy movement or gesture; embellishment or ornamentation (esp. in handwriting)

reject; mock; show contempt for; scorn; Ex. flout the rules

chain or strap used with a bit to restrain a horse; something that checks; V: check; restrain

waver; shift; rise and fall as if in waves; change or vary irregularly

smoothness of speech; ADJ. fluent

unlikely occurrence; stroke of fortune; accidental stroke of good luck; ADJ. fluky

confuse; make nervous and confused; N.

having vertical parallel grooves (as in a pillar); V. flute: make long parallel inward curves in; N. flute: long rounded groove incised on the shaft of a column

long narrow channel made in a surface to guide the movement of something; Ex. groove of the record

speak with involuntarily pauses or repetitions

flowing; series of changes; fluctuation; Ex. in a state of flux

coarse food for cattle, horses, etc.; feed for livestock; CF. food

small weakness of character; slight fault; CF. feeble

contrast; one that by contrast enhances the distinctive characteristics of another

defeat; frustrate; prevent from being successful; thwart; CF. fail

insert improperly; impose upon another by coercion; palm off; pass off as genuine or worthy; CF. fist

conceal in the palm of the hand; palm off: pass off; Ex. palm off some bad oranges onto the lady/the painting as a real Renoir

present falsely; represent falsely to be

masses of leaves; CF. defoliate

stir up; incite; instigate; promote the growth of (something evil or unpleasant)

rash; reckless; foolishly daring

vain about dress and appearance; N. fop: man who takes too much interest in his clothes and appearance

raid; sudden raid or military advance; V.

patience; forgiveness; V. forbear: refrain from (in a generous and forgiving way); be patient; Ex. forbear to send him to prison

place where a river can be crossed on foot; V.

ancestors

premonition of evil; feeling of coming evil; V. forebode: be a warning of (something unpleasant)

suitable to debate or courts of law; of or used in legal proceedings and the tracking of criminals; Ex. forensic science/medicine

public square of an ancient Roman city; public place for open discussion; court of law

give an indication beforehand; be a sign of (what is coming); portend; prefigure

be a sign of; foreshadow

predecessor; one that comes before and indicates the approach of another

ability to foresee future happenings; prudence in providing for the future

prevent by taking action in advance

of marriage or the wedding ceremony; N; nuptials; wedding ceremony

something surrendered as punishment for a crime or breach of contract; V: lose as a forfeit; N. forfeiture

counterfeit; reproduce fraudulently; form by heating in a forge and hammering into shape; move with a sudden increase of speed or power; Ex. forged ahead in the last two years; N: furnace where metals are heated

give up; do without

sad and lonely; wretched; desolate

ceremonious quality; ceremonious adherence to rules; something done just for form's sake; Ex. mere formality

menacing; arousing fear; threatening; difficult to defeat; Ex. formidable foe/question

threat; V: threaten

desert; abandon; renounce

renounce under oath; abandon; make a solemn promise to give up; CF. abjure

strong point or special talent in a person's character

straightforward; direct; frank

happening in the near future; ready; willing to help; Ex. No answer was forthcoming.

bravery; courage; strength of mind

accidental; by chance; N. fortuity

rear; bring up (for a certain period only); encourage; promote the development of (feelings or ideas); Ex. help foster friendly relations; ADJ: giving parental care although not related by blood; Ex. foster parents

fail completely; sink; CF. flounder

person who establishes (an organization or business)

brawl(noisy quarrel or fight) in which a number of people take part; melee

unruly; peevish; cranky; bad-tempered; Ex. fractious horse

weak; N. frailty

right or privilege granted by authority; right to vote; license to sell a product in a particular territory

wild; distraught as from fear or worry; Ex. frantic with fear

cheating; deceitful; Ex. fraudulent means; N. fraud: deception; swindle

filled (with something unpleasant); full; Ex. fraught with danger and difficulties; CF. freight

brawl; fight; V: wear away or unravel by rubbing; have loose threads developing; cause to become worn out (a person's temper or nerves); CF. rub

frenzied; frantic

madly excited; N. frenzy: violent wild excitement

painting on wet plaster (usually fresh)

smooth viscous mixture as of flour(powder made by crushing grain) and water (used as an adhesive); V: cause to adhere by applying paste

paste of flour and water (eaten when baked)

paste that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls; V.

be annoyed or vexed; Ex. fret over your poor grades; N: irritation of mind; ADJ. fretful

clash or conflict in opinion; rubbing against

ornamental horizontal band on a wall

intensely cold; cold in manner; Ex. frigid zone

waste (time or money on unimportant things)

lacking in seriousness; flippant; self-indulgently carefree; unworthy of serious attention; relatively unimportant; trivial

excessive indulgence of one's own desire

free from worries; having no problems

prankish; gay; playful; merry; frisky

play and jump about happily; frisk; Ex. frolicking young lambs

fern leaf; palm or banana leaf

waste material thrown away (as bits of paper scattered untidily); V: cover untidily with scattered litter

bear fruit; produce fruit

thrift; economy; ADJ. frugal: practicing economy; costing little; inexpensive

bearing of fruit; fulfillment; realization; Ex. come to/be brought to fruition

thwart; defeat; prevent from accomplishing a purpose

fleeting or transitory; lasting only a short time; roving(wandering); running away or fleeing as from the law; N: one who flees; Ex. fugitives at large

support on which a lever rests or pivots

thunder; explode; issue a severe denunciation

disgustingly excessive; offensively flattering; Ex. fulsome praise/expressions of admire

move the fingers and hands awkwardly (in search of something); mishandle or drop a ball that is in play; bungle; botch; spoil by mishandling; N.

official (who performs a particular function)

made for practical use only (without decoration); functioning; Ex. functional modern furniture; CF. functionalism

basic; primary; essential

sad; solemn; suitable for a funeral

frenzy; great anger and excitement; CF. fury

stealthy; quiet and secret (trying to escape notice); sneaky; Ex. furtive glance

move, give, or take in a quiet, stealthy way; N: one who sneaks; ADJ. sneaky

done slyly and secretly (being dishonest)

clever in deceiving; secretive; not telling one's intentions

simultaneous firing or outburst (of missiles, questions, etc.)

union; coalition; V. fuse

useless; hopeless; ineffectual

animal-biting fly; irritating person

social blunder

deny

manner of walking or running; speed

large isolated system of stars, such as the Milky Way; collection of brilliant personalities

windstorm; gust of wind; emotional outburst (laughters, tears); Ex. gale of laughter

bitterness of feeling; nerve; effrontery; ´ãÁó(bile); CF. gall bladder

annoy; exasperate; chafe; N: skin sore caused by rubbing (as on the skin of a horse); exasperation

large three-masted sailing ship

low ship with sails (rowed along by slaves)

sailing vessel built for great speed

small boat

cut off with shears; fasten; N: something clipped off (as a short extract from film); clasp or fastener

stimulate or shock by an electric current; stimulate by shock; shock into action; stir up; coat with rust-resistant zinc by using electricity

of the production of electricity by the action of an acid on a metal; having the effect of an electric shock; Ex. galvanic cell; galvanic effect; CF. Luigi Galvani

opening in chess in which a piece is sacrificed; action made to produce a future advantage

strategem to gain an advantage; tactic; Ex. management ploy

romp; skip about; leap about playfully; frolic; N.

play or frolic boisterously; gambol; N.

outer skin of an orange used for giving a special taste to food; spice; interest; flavor; spirited enjoyment; Ex. add a certain zest to the affair; Ex. zest for life

in a spirited manner; with courage; Ex. fight gamely against a superior boxer; ADJ. game

entire range

open widely; open the mouth wide; stare wonderingly with the mouth open; CF. agape

mixed up; jumbled; distorted; V. garble: mix up or distort (a message) to such an extent as to make misleading or unintelligible

mix in a confused way

huge; enormous; gigantic; CF. the hero of Gargantua and Pantagruel

waterspout carved in grotesque figures on a building

overbright in color; unpleasantly bright; gaudy

make neat or tidy by clipping; reduce by removing what is unnecessary; ornament; decorate (round the edges); Ex. trim the cost; Ex. jacket trimmed with fur; N. ADJ: tidy; in good order

gather; store up; amass

decorate; add a garnish to; decorate (food or drink) with small items such as lemon slices; N.

loquacious; wordy; talkative; N. garrulity

art and science of preparing and serving good food; CF. gastronome

clumsy (in social behavior); coarse and uncouth

flashy; showy

showy; gaudy; giving a momentary brilliance

cover with a thin layer of gold

lean and angular; thin and bony; emaciated; barren

hammerlike tool; mallet(wooden hammer) used by a presiding officer or an auctioneer; V.

command; utter (a greeting); offer as a price; N: offer of a price; amount offered; earnest effort to gain something; Ex. bid for freedom

stare foolishly; look in open-mouthed awe

official periodical publication; newspaper

record of descent; lineage; ancestry; study of ancestry

vague statement; general statement which is not detailed; quality of being general; greater part; most; Ex. generality of people

cause; produce; create

characteristic of an entire class or species; of a genus

division of animals or plants, below a family and above a species

beginning; origin

cheerfulness; kindliness; sympathy; ADJ. genial: cheerful and good-tempered

particular variety of art or literature

well-bred; elegant; striving to convey an appearance of refinement; Ex. genteel poverty

those of gentle birth; high social class; refinement; quality of being genteel

produce young; rear; bring up; produce (an undesirable condition); N: kind or sort of animal or plant

hybridize; N: hybrid; CF. interbreed; CF. inbreed

of good upbringing; well-mannered and refined

people of standing(rank or position); people of good family or high social position; class of people just below nobility

kindly; soft; mild; of good family

bend the knee as in worship

pertinent; bearing upon(having connection with) the case at hand; appropriate

pertaining to a germ; creative; Ex. germinal idea

earliest form of an organism; seed or bud; something that may develop into something larger or more important; microbe

cause to sprout; sprout

begin to grow; give off shoots or buds; N: new growth on a plant; shoot

new growth from a plant

government ruled by old people

study of the sociological phenomena associated with old age

medical treatment and care of old age

change voting district lines in order to favor a political party; N. CF. Elbridge Gerry + (sala)mander

evolve as in prenatal growth; N. gestation: period of development from conception until birth

connected with birth; CF. prenatal; CF. postnatal

motion; gesture; V. gesticulate: make gestures (while speaking)

horrible; terrifying; resembling ghosts; CF. aghast

nonsense; nonsensical or unintelligible talk or writing; babbling

mock; make jeering remarks; N: jeering remarks

light-hearted; not serious; frivolous; dizzy; causing dizziness; Ex. giddy youth; Ex. giddy climb/height

very carefully; ADJ.

distance around something; circumference

essence; main point; substance

like a glacier; of an ice age; extremely cold; Ex. glacial epoch; CF. iceberg

(of something bad) highly conspicuous; harshly bright; shining intensely and blindingly

shine intensely and blindingly; stare fixedly and angrily; N.

cover with a thin and shiny surface; apply a glaze to; N: thin, smooth, shiny coating (as for pottery); Ex. unglazed pottery

gather leavings; gather grain left behind by reapers; gather bit by bit (facts or information) often with difficulty

fluent (with insincerity or superficiality); facile; slick

make smooth or glossy; N: smooth surface; Ex. oil slick; ADJ: smooth; glossy; deftly executed; adroit; glib

smooth and shining (as from good health); V.

shine erratically; twinkle; N: dim or unsteady light; faint indication; Ex. glimmer of hope

shine brightly with flashing points of light; Ex. glittering diamond ring; N: sparkling light; attractiveness; glamor; Ex. glitter of the sun on the waves

compelling charm; ADJ. glamorous

express evil satisfaction; look at or think about with evil satisfaction; view malevolently; Ex. The thief gloated over the stolen jewels.

explain away with the intention of deceiving or hiding faults

brief explanation note or translation of a difficult expression; V.

brief explanation of words used in the text

smooth and shining; N. gloss: shiny brightness on a surface; superficially attractive appearance; Ex. gloss of good manners

not shiny; matte; having a dull finish; N: flat piece of material used as a floor covering; V.

surface texture; completeness of execution

properly made and complete; Ex. finished product/performance

scowl; glare; look or stare angrily

frown angrily; N: angry frown

overstock; fill beyond capacity (with food); fill to excess; N: oversupply

sticky; viscous; gluey

someone who eats too much; ADJ. gluttonous: given to gluttony; greedy; CF. gluttony: habit of eating too much

twisted

protruding knot on a tree; V.

dwarf; underground spirit who guards treasure hoards

urge on; drive with a goad; cause (someone) to do something by continued annoyance; Ex. They goaded him into doing it by saying he was a coward; N: sharp-pointed stick for driving cattle; stimulus; CF. annoy continually

narrow canyon; steep rocky cleft; ravine (made by a stream which runs through it)

stuff oneself (with food); glut; CF. gorgeous: dazzlingly beautiful

bloody; N. gore: blood (from a wound)

shake uncontrollably; tremble; V.

sheer; very light; like cobwebs; N: soft and sheer fabric; cobweb

pure; thin and transparent; very steep

tear out; cut out (as if with a gouge); Ex. gouge his eyes out; N: chisel for cutting out hollow areas in wood

overcharge (with high price); extort from; Ex. gouge the public; CF. usury

epicure; person who takes excessive pleasure in food and drink

connoisseur of food and drink; epicure

arranged by degrees (of height, difficulty, etc.)

arrange into categories or grades; divide into marked intervals (for use in measurement); Ex. graduated ruler

storehouse for grain

impressiveness; stateliness; majesty

formal; ceremonious; grand in style or size; majestic

(of a person or speech) using high sounding or important-sounding language; pompous; bombastic

affectedly grand; pretentious; high-flown; ridiculously exaggerated; impressive; great in size or scope; grand; Ex. grandiose ideas

highly pretentious or inflated

dramatic or musical performance given in the afternoon

form into grains or granules; N. granule: grain or particle

pertaining to the art of delineating; vividly described

(of light or color) bright and distinct; evoking lifelike mental images; Ex. vivid red hair/description

black form of carbon used in lead pencils

wrestle; come to grips with; take hold of and struggle with; Ex. grapple with the burglar

make a harsh noise; have an unpleasant effect; shred by rubbing against a rough surface; Ex. grated cheese N: framework of metal bars to hold fuel in a fireplace

please; satisfy; Ex. gratify a desire

free; without charge; ADJ.

given freely; unwarranted; uncalled for; done without good reason; Ex. gratuitous comment

tip

seriousness; ADJ. grave

sociable; (of an animal) tending to form a group

cause of complaint; complaint

question severely; cook on a grill; broil; N: cooking surface of parallel metal bars

cook by direct heat; N.

causing great fear; unrelenting; determined in spite of fear; Ex. grim smile

facial distortion to show feeling such as pain, disgust, etc; V.

ghastly; horrifying; Ex. grisly remains of the bodies

man employed to take care of horses; V: make neat and trim; clean and brush (an animal)

fantastic; comically hideous; strange and unnatural (causing fear or amusement)

repulsive to the sight; ugly; repugnant; Ex. hideous face/scream

small cavern

complain; fuss; grumble; grouch; N: plump chickenlike game bird

complain; mutter discontentedly; grouch; N.

utter (complaining words) indistinctly in low tones

make or move with a deep rolling sound (as thunder or stomach)

crawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate; behave in a servile manner

unwilling; reluctant; stingy(giving reluctantly)

thin liquid porridge

soft food made by boiling oatmeal

crushed oats used for making porridge

exhausting; Ex. grueling marathon race

grisly; horrible

rough-mannered; (of a voice) rough; hoarse

utter a deep guttural sound (as a pig does); N.

boisterous laughter; V.

deceit; duplicity; wiliness; cunning; Ex. persuade her by guile

clever in deceiving; sly; N: cleverness in deceiving; deceit

without deceit

outward appearance; costume; Ex. in a new guise

trick; deceive; hoodwink; N: person who is easily tricked; dupe

easily deceived

affecting or relating to the sense of taste

eager enjoyment; zest; enthusiasm

windy

strong abrupt rush of wind; V. CF. bluster

cable or chain attached to something that needs to be braced or steadied; CF. guide

become unsteady and fall down

topple; N.

turn over; capsize; topple

(of a boat) turn over

apparatus used to maintain balance, ascertain direction, etc.

accustom or familiarize; addict

hairs on back and neck, especially of a dog; Ex. make someone's hackles rise

low, guttural, menacing sound (as of a dog)

commonplace; trite

wasted away; gaunt; Ex. haggard faces of the rescued miners

argue about prices (in an attempt to bargain)

calm; peaceful; Ex. halcyon days

healthy

frozen rain drop; V: salute or greet; precipitate hail

blessed; consecrated; Ex. hallowed ground; V. hallow: set apart as holy

delusion; false idea; false perception of objects with a compelling sense of their reality; objects so perceived; V. hallucinate; ADJ. hallucinatory

hesitant; faltering; not fluent; Ex. halting steps/voice; V. halt: proceed or act with uncertainty; falter; hesitate; waver; stop

move or swing back and forth; be uncertain or unsteady in decision or movement; Ex. wavering between accepting and refusing

obstruct; prevent the free movement of; N: ½Ä·áÇ°À̳ª ÀǺ¹ µîÀ» ´ã´Â ¹Ù±¸´Ï

chance; luck

random; by chance; happening in an unplanned manner; Ex. haphazard growth of the town

unfortunate; luckless

long, passionate, and vehement speech; V.

annoy by repeated attacks

forerunner (which foreshadows what is to come)

give protection (by giving food and shelter); provide a refuge for; hide; keep in mind (thoughts or feelings); Ex. harbor a grudge/criminal; N: place of shelter; refuge

natural home of a plant or animal; CF. habitation

(of people or animals) sturdy; robust; (of plants) able to stand inclement(stormy) weather

tiresome dwelling on a subject; V. harp: dwell on(think or speak a lot about) tediously

agonizing; distressing; traumatic; V. harrow: break up and level (soil) with a harrow; inflict great distress on; agonize; N: farming machine to break up the earth

harass, annoy, torment (by repeated attacks); raid

deck opening; lid covering a deck opening; V: emerge from an egg; produce (young) from an egg

fastening or lock consisting of a movable bar that fits into a notch; V: close with a latch

V-shaped cut in a surface; V.

pride; arrogance; ADJ. haughty

(of a spirit) visit (a place); come to mind continually; visit (a place) regularly; frequent; Ex. haunted house; Ex. haunted by his last words; N: place much frequented

place of safety; refuge; harbor; Ex. tax haven

widespread damage; disorder; chaos

dangerous

venture; put in danger; risk; Ex. hazard a guess; N: possible source of danger

slightly obscure; misty; unclear; N. haze: light mist or smoke; confused state of mind

hasty; rash; headfirst; ADV.

moving with the head leading; headlong

willful; stubborn; unyielding; determined to have one's own way; CF. no 'excessive'

person who verbally harasses others; V. heckle: verbally harass as with gibes (by interrupting a speaker or speech)

one who believes that pleasure is the sole aim in life; CF. hedonism: practice of living one's life purely for pleasure

not noticing; disregarding

pay attention to; N: close attention

dominance especially of one nation over others

atrocious; wicked; hatefully bad; Ex. heinous crime

total; fragrant; clearly wrong; (of people's behavior) coarse; corpulent; Ex. gross insolence/behavior; V: earn as a total amount; N: 12 dozens

steering wheel of a ship; position of control

grain-eating; CF. herbivore

opinion contrary to popular belief; opinion contrary to accepted religion; ADJ. heretical; CF. heretic

sealed by fusion so as to be airtight; airtight

concerning alchemy or magic; obscure and mysterious; occult

incapable of producing young; free from microorganism; V. sterilize

home of a hermit

one who studies reptiles; CF. herpetology: branch of zoology that deals with reptiles and amphibians

(of beliefs) against accepted opinion; unorthodox; unconventional

dissimilar; mixed; not homogeneous; consisting of dissimilar elements or plants

cut to pieces with ax or sword; chop; N.

time of greatest success or power; prime

period of ideal or peak condition; earliest or beginning stage; Ex. in the prime of life; Ex. prime of the year(spring); ADJ: first in importance or rank; first; V: make ready; prepare

first in rank or importance; principal; earliest in time; Ex. primary stages; N. CF. first

first in rank or importance; being first in time; original; Ex. man's primal innocence

group of mammals including humans

gap; pause; gap or interruption in space or time; break

wintry; wintery; of or like winter

sleep throughout the winter; N. hibernation

arrangement by rank or standing; authoritarian body divided into ranks; body of persons having authority

animal, plant, or natural object serving as a symbol of a clan or family; representation of this; Ex. totem pole

picture writing; ADJ.

boisterous mirth(merriment; laughter); ADJ. hilarious: full of laughter

furthest behind; farthest to the rear

begin and continue (a war)

block; obstacle; V. hinder

back country; inner part of a country; OP. foreland

one who serves for hire (usually used contemptuously); one who works solely for compensation; Ex. hireling politician

hairy; having a lot of hair

theatrical; excessively dramatic or emotional; affected; of actors or acting; N. histrionics: histrionic behavior

important in history; Ex. historic battle

connected with history; based on events in history (whether regarded as important or not)

stockpile; accumulate for future use; N: supply stored for future use

white with age

trick which makes someone take action; practical joke; Ex. hoax mail; V.

destruction by fire; CF. burnt whole; CF. Holocaust

leather pistol case (that hangs on a belt around the waist)

honor; tribute; great respect; Ex. pay/do homage to

tendency of a system or organism to maintain relative stability or internal equilibrium; CF. homeo-: constant; Ex. homeotherm

domestic; made at home; spun or woven at home; simple and ordinary; Ex. homespun philosophy

rotate swiftly; make (thread) by twisting (cotton, wool, etc.); N.

sermon; tedious moralizing lecture; serious warning; ADJ. homiletic

of the same kind; uniform in composition throughout

sharpen (a tool); N: whetstone for sharpening a tool

deceive; delude

crowd; swarm

large group of insects moving in a mass; crowd of people or animals; V: move in a crowd or mass

encouraging; exhortive; marked by exhortation; CF. exhort

pertaining to cultivation of gardens; N. horticulture: science or art of cultivating fruits, vegetables, or ornamental plants; CF. agriculture: science or art of farming or growing crops

unfriendliness; hatred; enmity; ADJ. hostile

shack; small wretched house

crude dwelling; shack

crude cabin

small roofed structure for storage and shelter; V: pour forth; lose by natural process; repel without allowing penetration; radiate; cast; Ex. shed tears/light/water/skin/leaves

hang about; (of birds or aircraft) stay in the air in one place; (of people) wait nearby; stay around one place; waver; be in an uncertain state

confused uproar; loud noise; din

arrogance; excessive self-conceit

color; aspect; Ex. opinions of every hue

outcry; loud cry or clamor; strong protest; Ex. hue and cry against the new rule

marked by kindness or consideration; kind and compassionate; humanitarian

one devoted to the promotion of human welfare; CF. humanism

dull; monotonous

damp; N. humidity

humbleness of spirit

of low rank or position; modest; having a low opinion of oneself and a high opinion of others; unassuming; not proud; V. humiliate: make humble; cause to feel ashamed or to lose the respect of others

small hill; hillock

substance or rich soil formed by decaying vegetable matter; CF. soil

crash; rush; move with great speed; Ex. hurtling runaway train

use sparingly; conserve; save; Ex. husband one's energy; CF. house holder

frugality; thrift; economy; agriculture; farming; Ex. animal husbandry; CF. husbandman

mongrel; mixed breed; V. hybridize

plant or animal (esp. a dog) of mixed breed; ADJ.

line of ancestors; ancestry; lineage; ADJ. (of an animal) descended from of a chosen family; Ex. pedigree dog; CF. crane's foot

fear of water; rabies

disease passed on by the bite of an infected animal (causing madness and death)

science and practice of the promotion and preservation of health; ADJ. hygienic: showing careful attention to cleanness (to prevent disease); Ex. hygienic condition

exaggeration; overstatement; ADJ. hyperbolic: of hyperbole; of a hyperbola

excessively exacting; too critical (without noticing good qualities)

person unduly worried about his health; worrier without cause about illness; ADJ. CF. hypochondria: neurosis that one is or is becoming ill; CF. abdomen

pretending to be virtuous; deceiving; N. hypocrisy: profession of beliefs one does not possess; CF. hypocrite

based on assumptions or hypotheses; supposed; N. hypothesis

study of fish; CF. ichthyo-: fish

religious image; idol; image or representation

attacking cherished traditions; N. iconoclast: one who attacks traditional ideas; one who destroys sacred images

system of ideas characteristic of a group or culture

expression whose meaning as a whole differs from the meanings of its individual words; distinctive style (of expression); Ex. idiom of the modern popular music; ADJ. idiomatic

individual trait usually odd in nature; behavioral peculiarity; eccentricity; attitude, behavior, or opinion peculiar to a person; anything highly individual or eccentric; ADJ. idiosyncratic

worship of idols; excessive admiration or devotion; ADJ. idolatrous

charmingly carefree; simple and happy; Ex. idyllic scene

short poem idealizing rural life; simple happy period of life (in the country); scene from such a time; Ex. idyll of two young lovers

produced by fire; of fire; volcanic; (of rocks) formed from lava; Ex. igneous meteorite

kindle; light; catch fire or set fire to

unworthy; not noble; dishonorable; Ex. ignoble deed

deep disgrace; shame or dishonor; ADJ. ignominious; Ex. ignominous defeat

illegal

infinite; limitless

brighten; clear up or make understandable; enlighten; enable to understand; Ex. illuminating remarks

misleading vision or visual image; false idea or belief; CF. delusion

deceiving; based on illusion; causing illusion; deceptive

illusive; deceptive; not real

lack of balance or symmetry; disproportion

lack of proportion (between the parts); ADJ. disproportionate

weakness of mind; state of being an imbecile; N. imbecile: stupid person; fool

drink in

complicated situation (as in a play); painful or complex misunderstanding (as in a play); entanglement; confused mass (as of papers); V. embroil

saturate(soak thoroughly); fill; Ex. imbue someone with feelings

spotless; flawless; absolutely clean

one that pays rent to use property owned by another

possession of land or building by rent; period of a tenant's occupancy

impending; near at hand

state of being immovable

offer or kill as a sacrifice (by fire)

resistant to; free or exempt from; N. immunity

imprison; shut up in confinement; CF. wall

unchangeable

injure; hurt; damage

pierce (with a sharp point); Ex. impaled by the spear

imperceptible(not easily understood); intangible; OP. palpable: tangible; easily perceptible

not biased; fair; N. impartiality

grant a share of; make known; Ex. news to impart

not able to be traveled or crossed

predicament(dangerous condition) from which there is no escape; situation allowing for no further progress

without feeling; expressionless; imperturbable; stoical; Ex. impassive face

charge (a public official) with crime in office; raise doubts about; indict; Ex. impeach a witness's credibility

faultless

evidence concerning one's authority; written proof of a person's position; Ex. The new ambassador presented his credentials to the court.

without money

hide; retard or obstruct the progress of; block

delay (in development); ADJ. retarded: (as of a child) slower in development

hindrance; stumbling-block; speech defect preventing clear articulation; Ex. speech impediment

drive or force onward; drive to take action; urge to action

nearing; approaching; about to happen

not able to be pierced or entered; beyond understanding; impossible to understand; Ex. impenetrable mystery

not repentant

absolutely necessary; that must be done; critically important; expressing command; Ex. It is imperative that; N: something that must be done

unnoticeable; impossible to perceive; undetectable

like an emperor; related to an empire; CF. imperialism

put in danger

domineering; too commanding; haughty; CF. imperial/emperor

impervious; not permitting passage through its substance; impossible to permeate

insolent; rude; not pertinent; N. impertinence

unshakably calm; placid

composed; calm; self-possessed

impenetrable; incapable of being damaged or distressed; incapable of being affected (in one's opinions); Ex. impervious to water/criticism

violent; hasty; rash; impulsive; without careful thought; Ex. impetuous decision

moving force; momentum; force of a moving body; incentive; stimulus; impulse

irreverence; lack of respect for God or piety

infringe; encroach; influence; touch; collide with; Ex. The effects are impinging on every aspect of our lives.

irreverent

incapable of being pacified; impossible to appease; Ex. implacable enemy

unlikely (to be true); unbelievable; Ex. implausible alibi

put into effect; enforce; carry out; supply with tools; Ex. implement the plan/suggestion; N: tool or instrument

incriminate; involve incriminatingly; show to be involved (in a crime); Ex. implicate someone in the crime

something hinted at or suggested; implying; implicating

understood but not stated; implied; unquestioning and complete; Ex. implicit trust

burst inward; CF. vaccum tube

beg

suggest a meaning not expressed; signify

not wise; not expedient; not politic

weightless; that cannot undergo precise evaluation; CF. pound

significance; importance; meaning

expressing a meaning; important; Ex. significant smile; N. significance: importance; meaning; V. signify: denote; mean; signal; make known; matter; be significant

urging; always demanding; troublesomely urgent or persistent

beg persistently; make repeated requests (in an annoying way)

assuming a false identity; masquerade; CF. impostor

wear a mask or disguise; pretend; N: costume party or ball at which masks are worn; pretense; disguise

weak; ineffective; lacking in physical strength or power

desire; want intensely

curse; swearword

invulnerable; impossible to capture or enter by force; Ex. impregnable fort/argument; CF. take

make pregnant; fill thoroughly; saturate

without previous preparation; off the cuff(end of a sleeve); on the spur of the moment

improperness; unsuitableness

thriftless; not providing for the future

compose on the spur of the moment

lacking caution; not prudent; injudicious

impertinence; insolence

dispute or contradict (often in an insulting way); attack as false or questionable; challenge; gainsay; CF. fight

powerlessness; feebleness

freedom from punishment or harm; CF. punish

attribute; ascribe; charge; N. imputation

unintentionally; by oversight; carelessly

watch over and direct; supervise; N. oversight: unintentional failure to notice or do something; supervision

not to be taken away; nontransferable; Ex. inalienable rights

silly; senseless; Ex. inane remarks; N. inanity

lifeless; not animate

speechless; producing indistinct speech; not articulate; not expressing oneself clearly

unable for the moment to speak (because of strong feeling); Ex. speechless with anger

begin formally; install in office; induct into office by a formal ceremony; N. inauguration; ADJ. inaugural

strikingly bright; shining with intense heat; emitting visible light when heated; Ex. incandescent light bulb; CF. candle

singing or chanting of magic spells; magical formula; (the saying of) words used in magic; CF. enchant

tune(melody) in which a number of words are sung on the same note; V: sing (a chant); utter (a slogan) in the manner of a chant

quality of pleasing; amulet; action or formula thought to have magical power; spell; V: attract; cast a spell on; bewitch

cast a spell over; captivate completely

repeat aloud (something learned); describe; Ex. recite his complaints; N. recitation

act of reciting publicly; detailed account; performance of music or dance (by a solo performer)

disable; N. incapacity: lack of capacity

imprison

endowed with flesh; invested with bodily form; personified; Ex. devil incarnate; V: give bodily form to; embody

act of assuming a human body and human nature; one who personifies something; personification; Ex. previous incarnation/reincarnation

represent (an inanimate object) as a person; be the embodiment or perfect example of; Ex. She is evil/patience personified; N. personification

arsonist; ADJ: causing fire; of arson; Ex. incendiary bomb

enrage; infuriate(make furious); make extremely angry; outrage; N: aromatic substance burned to produce a pleasant odor

spur; motive; something which encourages one to greater activity

start; beginning

uninterrupted; unceasing

(of desire, wish, plan) recently begun; not explicit; at the beginning of development; rudimentary; elementary; Ex. inchoate mass

rate of occurrence; particular occurrence; Ex. high incidence of infant mortality

not essential; minor; N: something incidental

event; event that causes a crisis

burn to ashes

beginning; in an early stage

(appreciatively) cutting; sharp; Ex. incisive remarks; V. incise: make a cut into

arouse to action; goad; motivate; induce to exist; Ex. incite a riot/the crowd to rebellion

stormy; unkind; unmerciful; CF. clement

slope; slant; Ex. steep incline

tending or leaning toward; bent; V. incline: slant; dispose; be disposed; tend

have a tendency; take care of; minister; serve at; apply one's attention; attend

tending to include all; all-inclusive; Ex. inclusive charge

with identity concealed; using an assumed name; ADJ.

unintelligible; muddled; unable to express one's thoughts in an orderly manner; illogical; lacking cohesion; not coherent

not spacious; inconvenient

inharmonious; N. incompatibility

lack of harmony; absurdity; ADJ. incongruous: lacking in harmony; inappropriate

clothe; N: clothing; array; apparel

insignificant; unimportant

state of being self-contradictory; lack of uniformity or steadiness; ADJ. inconsistent: displaying a lack of consistency; erratic; contradictory; incompatible

lacking self-restraint; not continent; licentious

indisputable; impossible to dispute; not open to question; unquestionable

introduce something into a larger whole; include; embody; give material form to; ADJ.

without a material body; insubstantial

uncorrectable

tendency to disbelief

withholding belief; skeptical; showing disbelief

increase

accuse of or implicate in a crime; serve as evidence against; cause to seem or make guilty of a crime; Ex. incriminating evidence

hard coating or crust; V. incrust: encrust; cover with a crust

hatch; warm (eggs) with the body to promote hatching; maintain at optimal environment conditions for development; be holding in one's body an infection which is going to develop into a disease; N. incubation; CF. incubation:disease

since; owing to the fact that

burden; very worriying problem; mental care; nightmare; male devil; CF. succubus

teach (ideas or principles); instill

obligatory; imposed as an obligation; currently holding an office; N: person who holds an office

bring upon oneself

temporary invasion; CF. excursion: short journey

tireless; untiring; showing no sign of getting tired

not able to be erased

make secure against damage or loss; compensate for damage or loss; CF. make uninjured

notch; deep recess; V. indent; CF. tooth

bind as servant or apprentice to master; bind by indenture; N: contract binding one party into the service of another for a specified time (as between an apprentice and his master)

uncertain; not clearly fixed; indefinite

suggestive; implying; serving to indicate

signs; indications; Ex. indices of a student's potential; CF. index: something that reveals or indicates; sign; Ex. cost-of-living index

charge; N. indictment

unmoved or unconcerned by; having no interest in; mediocre; neither good nor bad

poverty

native; Ex. plant indigenous to the New World

poor; destitute

anger at an injustice; Ex. righteous indignation; ADJ. indignant

morally upright; just

legally correct; Ex. rightful owner

treatment or situation that causes shame or loss of dignity, respect; offensive or insulting treatment; humiliating or degrading treatment; Ex. I suffered the indignity of having to say that in front of them.

choosing at random; confused; not based on careful distinctions

too certain to be disputed; beyond doubt

permanent; impossible to dissolve or disintegrate

write; compose

lazy

unconquerable; unyielding

unable to be doubted; which cannot be doubted; unquestionable

persuade; lead to do something; bring about; N. inducement

pertaining to induction or proceeding from the specific to the general

place formally in office; install; admit as a member; initiate; N. induction: inducting; process of deriving general principles from particular facts

humoring; yielding; lenient; showing indulgence

yield to; gratify; allow oneself a special pleasure; Ex. indulge one's every whim/a child/in a big cigarette; N. indulgence

indulge; comply with the wishes of; N. quality that makes something amusing; state of mind; mood; Ex. in a bad humor; Ex. out of humor

diligent; hard-working; N. industry

habitually intoxicated; drunk; N. inebriety

make drunk; intoxicate; N. intoxicated person

make drunk; stimulate or excite; Ex. intoxicated by all the money he might win

unutterable; not to be uttered; taboo; that cannot be expressed in speech; indescribable; unspeakable; inexpressible; Ex. ineffable name/joy

not effective; not having a desired effect; weak

irresistible; not to be escaped; unavoidable

unsuited; inappropriate; lacking skill; incompetent; CF. inapt: (of statements or ideas) inappropriate

unfairness; ADJ. inequitable

infallibility

inactive; lacking power to move; unable to move or act; Ex. chemically inert; N. inertia: state of being inert; force which keeps a thing in the position or state

unavoidable

relentless; unyielding; implacable; not capable of being changed by entreaty or efforts; Ex. inexorable price rises

unerring; never making mistakes

notoriously bad; notorious; well known for being bad; Ex. infamous behavior; N: infamy: infamous act; evil fame or reputation

childish; infantlike

deduce; conclude; N. inference

pertaining to hell; devilish; N. inferno: place of fiery heat or destruction

unbeliever (with respect to a particular religion)

pass into or through; penetrate or enter (an organization) sneakily; Ex. infiltrate the troops into enemy territory; CF. infiltrator

enter into; pierce; permeate; see through; grasp the inner significance of; understand

very small

weakness

exaggerated; pompous; enlarged (with air or gas)

flowing into

violation (of a rule or regulation); breach

violate (a law); encroach (the right of another person)

marked by inventive skill; clever; resourceful; N. ingenuity

clever and imaginative (in dealing with difficult situations); N. resource, resourcefulness

naive and trusting; young; unsophisticated; candid

ing'enue; young innocent girl

deeply established; firmly rooted; Ex. ingrained dirt/prejudice

ungrateful person (not expressing thanks)

become popular with; bring (oneself) in favor of another; Ex. ingratiate himself with the boss

firmly established by nature or habit; intrinsic

restrain; prohibit; retard or prevent; N. inhibition

(of a person) unable to express what one really feels

having no inhibitions; free in behavior and feelings

(of someone) unfriendly; hostile; (of something) harmful; detrimental; CF. enemy

matchless; not able to be imitated

wicked; immoral; unrighteous; N. iniquity; Ex. den of iniquity

begin; originate; receive into a group; introduce to a new field or activity; Ex. initiate someone into the mysteries of a secret religion; N: one who has been initiated

harmful; causing injury

hint; slight indication

inborn

harmless

change; something newly introduced; introduction of something new; V. innovate: begin or introduce (something new); be creative; ADJ. innovative

indirect or subtle (derogatory) hint; insinuation; Ex. sexual innuendo

untimely; inappropriate or ill-timed; poorly chosen

beyond reasonable limits; unrestrained; excessive; Ex. inordinate demands

questioner (especially harsh); investigator; person making an inquisition

eager for knowledge; unduly curious

unwholesome; not healthful; Ex. insalubrious place

conducive to good health; Ex. healthful mountain air

possessing good health; healthful

conducive to mental or physical health; healthful

not easily satisfied; unquenchable; Ex. insatiable appetite

difficult to understand; impenetrable; not readily understood; mysterious

without feeling; lacking sense; foolish

unconscious; unresponsive; insensitive; unaware; imperceptible; Ex. insensible of his danger/to pain; Ex. insensible change; CF. not the opposite of sensible

treacherous; stealthy; sly; working or spreading harmfully in a stealthy manner; Ex. insidious spreading of dry rot

discerning; perceptive

hint; imply; suggest indirectly; creep in; introduce or insert (oneself) by artful means; Ex. insinuate himself into the boss's favor; CF. ingratiate

move with body close to the ground; move stealthily or slowly; N.

exhibiting art or skill; deceitful; cunning; CF. artifice

lacking in flavor; lacking interest; dull; Ex. insipid food/character

impudent disrespect; haughtiness; ADJ. insolent; CF. haughty + rude

bankrupt; lacking money to pay; N. insolvency

wakefulness; inability to sleep

without concern or care; unconcerned; indifferent

start; urge; provoke; incite; Ex. instigate a search/quarrel

disobedience; rebelliousness; ADJ. insubordinate

lacking substance; insignificant; frail; immaterial

narrow-mindedness; isolation; ADJ. insular: of an island; isolated; narrow-minded; CF. peninsula

insurmountable; unbeatable; Ex. insuperable difficulties

chances; probability; disagreement; Ex. The odds are that it will rain. Ex. at odds with

rebellious; N.

overwhelming; unbeatable; insuperable

rebellion; uprising

not able to be perceived by touch; vague

complete; necessary for completeness; Ex. integral part

make whole; combine; make into one unit

honesty; uprightness; wholeness; state of being whole and undivided; completeness

(sitting or standing) straight up; honest; moral

higher mental powers; person of great intellectual ability

intellectuals; members of the educated elite (often used derogatorily)

bury; N. interment

place for burying the dead

prohibit; forbid; N.

meantime; Ex. in the interim; ADJ. taking place during an interim; Ex. interim paper

intruder; one who interferes

endless

periodic; on and off; stopping and starting at intervals

mutually destructive

insert between

period between two successive reigns or governments

question closely; cross-examine; cross-question

come between; interfere; Ex. intervened to prevent a fight; N. intervention

hint; suggest; imply; ADJ: marked by close relationship; familiar; private; personal; Ex. intimate knowledge/thoughts in the diary; N: close friend or confidant; CF. intimacy

frighten; N. intimidation

unruly; difficult to manage; Ex. intractable problem/child

refusal of any compromise; stubbornness; ADJ. intransigent: uncompromising

fearless

essential; inherent; built-in

looking within oneself; N. introspection: self-examination

one who is introspective or inclined to think more about oneself; ADJ. introverted

put or force in without being asked; trespass; enter as an uninvited person; Ex. intrude one's own opinion into the report; CF. thrust in

immediate insight; power of knowing without reasoning; ADJ. intuitive; V. intuit: know by intuition

flood; overflow; submerge; cover completely; Ex. inundated with work

(of water) cover completely; defeat completely by much greater force; Ex. overwhelmed by grief

place under water; dip; go under water; cover completely (as with water); Ex. submerged in work

surround and swallow up

accustomed; hardened; Ex. inured to the Alaskan cold; V. inure: make used to something undesirable; harden; CF. unfeeling

weaken; destroy; make invalid; nullify

one incapacitated(disabled) by a chronic illness; ADJ: incapacitated by illness; not valid; null; V: allow to leave (a military force) because of ill-health

abuse

denounce; utter censure or invective; Ex. inveigh against the evils of drink

deceive; lead astray by deception; wheedle(cajole); Ex. inveigle her into joining the club; CF. interest dishonestly

opposite

turn upside down or inside out; reverse the position or condition of

deep-rooted; habitual; CF. grow old

designed to create ill will or envy; tending to rouse ill will or envy; Ex. invidious comparison

unconquerable

secure from corruption, attack, or violation(or profanation); unassailable; Ex. inviolable oath/rights; N. inviolability

prayer for help (used in invoking); calling upon as a reference or support; act of invoking

call and bring into use (a right or law); call on/upon (a higher power or god) for help; ask for; beg for; conjure (a spirit); Ex. invoke the veto power; Ex. invoke one's advisor/God

incapable of injury; impossible to damage or injure

very small quantity

irritable; easily angered

angry; CF. ire: anger; wrath

exhibiting rainbowlike colors; Ex. iridescent oil slick; N. iridescence

annoying; tedious; V. irk: annoy

expressing irony; occurring in an unexpected and contrary manner

hidden sarcasm or satire; use of words that seem to mean the opposite of what they actually mean; use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning

impossible to reconcile; incompatible; not able to be resolved

indisputable; incontrovertible; undeniable

not applicable; unrelated

incurable; uncorrectable; impossible to remedy

not able to be corrected or repaired; impossible to repair

unable to be restrained or held back; impossible to hold back

beyond reproach; blameless; impeccable; Ex. irreproachable conduct

uncertain how to act; weak; lacking in resolution; indecisive; N. irresolution

marked by indecision; inconclusive; Ex. indecisive battle

irresolution; inability to make up one's mind

lack of proper respect or reverence; ADJ. irreverent

unalterable; irreversible; impossible to revoke

varying from of an element

narrow neck of land connecting two larger bodies of land

wandering; traveling from place to place (to perform work); Ex. itinerant preacher

n 1: the performer in the middle of a minstrel line who engages the others in talk [syn: interlocutor, middleman]

2: a person who takes part in a conversation [syn: interlocutor, conversational partner]