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Organization
A collection of people who work together to achieve individual and organizational goals.
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Pfeffer's People-Centered Practices
- 1. Job security
- 2. Careful hiring
- 3. Power to the people
- 4. Generous pay for performance
- 5. Lots of training
- 6. Less emphasis on status
- 7. Trust building
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Job security
Pfeffer's People-Centered Practices
To eliminate fear of layoffs
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Careful hiring
Pfeffer's People-Centered Practices
Emphasizing a good fit with the company culture.
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Power to the people
Pfeffer's People-Centered Practices
Via decentralization and self-managed teams.
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Less emphasis on status
Pfeffer's People-Centered Practices
To build a "we" feeling
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Trust building
Pfeffer's People-Centered Practices
Through the sharing of critical information.
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Organizational behavior (OB)
The study of factors that have an impact on how people and groups act, think, feel, and respond to work and organizations, and how organizations respond to their environments.
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Hawthorne studies
- Western electric company
- Test performance and fatigue
- Used lighting
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Hawthorne effect (results of study)
- Attention from researchers influences behavior
- Manager's leadership approach influences behavior
- Work group norms influence behavior
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Levels of analysis
- Organizational
- Group
- Individual
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Management
Process of planning, organization, leading, and controlling an organization's human, financial, material, and other resources to increase its effectiveness.
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Planning in management
Decide on goals and how to achieve them
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Organizing in management
Establish rules and reporting relationships to achieve the goals
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Controlling in management
Evaluate how things are going and take action to maintain, improve, and correct performance.
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Leading in management
Encourage and coordinate so they are focused on the goals.
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Challenges for organizational behavior
- Changing social/cultural environment
- Evolving global environment
- Advancing information technology
- Shifting work/employment relationships
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Changes to social and cultural environment
- National culture
- Organizational ethics and well-being
- Diverse work force
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Evolving global environment
- Understanding global differences
- Improve organizational behavior and procedures in response
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Advanced information technology
- Information
- Knowledge
- Information technology
- Organizational learning
- Intranets
- Creativity
- Innovation
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Shifting work/employment relationships
- Downsizing
- Empowering and self-manage teams
- Contingent workers
- Outsourcing
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Group
Two or more people who interact to achieve their goals
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Team
A group in which members work together intensively and develop team specific routines to achieve a common group goal
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Virtual team
A group whose members who work together intensively via electronic means; and who may never actually meet
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Managers
Persons who supervise the activities of one or more employees
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Top management teams
High-ranking executives who plan a company's strategy; so that the company can achieve its goals
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Organizational effectiveness
The ability of an organization to achieve its goals
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Self-managed teams
Groups of employees who are given the authority and responsibility to manage many different aspects of their own organizational behavior
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Role
A set of behaviors or tasks a person is expected to perform because of the position he or she holds in a group or organization.
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Skill
An ability to act in a way that allows a person to perform well in his or her role
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Conceptual skills
The ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and to distinguish between cause and effect
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Human skills
The ability to understand, work with, lead, and control the behavior of other people and groups
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Technical skills
Job-specific knowledge and techniques
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Open system
Organizations that take in resources from their external environments and convert or transform them into goods and services that are sent back to their environments where customers buy them.
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Organizational behavior
A rule or routine an employee follows to perform some task in the most effective way
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National culture
The set of values or beliefs that a society considers important and the norms of behavior that are approved or sanctioned in that society
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Ethics
Values, beliefs, and moral rules that its managers and employees should use to analyze or interpret a situation and then decide what is the "right" or appropriate way to behave
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Ethical dilemma
A quandary managers face where they need to make a decision to either benefit a group or the organization
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Well-being
The condition of being happy, healthy, and prosperous
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Social responsibility
An organizations' obligations toward people or groups that are directly affected by its actions
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Global organizations
Companies that produce or sell their products in countries and regions throughout the world
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Global learning
Acquiring skills that allow companies to become major global competitors
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Expatriate managers
The people who work for companies overseas and are responsible for developing relationships with organzations in countries around the globe
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World wide web
A global store of information that contains the products of most kinds of human knowledge such as writing, music, and art
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Internet
The global network of interlinked computers
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Information
A set of data, facts, numbers, and words that has been organized in such a way that it provides its users with knowledge
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Information technology
The many different kinds of computer and communications hardware and software, and the skills of their designers, programmers, managers, and technicians
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Organizational learning
Managing information and knowledge to achieve a better fit between the organization and its environment
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Intranets
A network of information technology linkages inside an organization that connects all its members
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Downsizing
The process by which organizations lay off managers and workers to reduce costs
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Empowerment
The process of giving employees throughout an organization the authority to make important decisions and to be responsible for their outcomes
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Contingent workers
People employed for temporary periods by an organization and who receive no benefits
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Outsourcing
The process of employing people, groups, or a specialist organization to perform a specific type of work activity or function that was previously performed inside an organization
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Freelancers
People who contract with an organization to perform specific services
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