AHI labs

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  1. Potassium (K+)
    Normal range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L or 3.5-5.0 mmol/L

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Dehydration
    • •Renal failure
    • •Acidosis
    • •Cellular/tissue damage
    • •Hemolysis of the specimen

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •NPO status when potassium replacement is
    • inadequate
    • •Excessive use of none-potassium-sparing
    • diuretics
    • •Vomiting
    • •Malnutrition
    • •Diarrhea
    • •Alkalosis
  2. Sodium (Na+)
    Normal range: 90 yr or younger: 136-145 mEq/L or 136-145 mmol/L; older than 90: 132-146 mEq/L or132-146 mmol/L

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Cardiac or renal failure
    • •Hypertension
    • •Excessive amounts of IV fluids containing
    • normal saline
    • •Edema
    • •Dehydration (hemoconcentration)

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •Nasogastric drainage
    • •Vomiting or diarrhea
    • •Excessive use of laxatives or diuretics
    • •Excessive amounts of IV fluids containing
    • water
    • •Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
    • hormone (SIADH)
  3. Chloride (Cl-)
    Normal range: 90 yr or younger: 98-106 mEq/L or 98-106 mmol/L; older than 90: 98-111 mEq/L or 98-111 mmol/L

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Respiratory alkalosis
    • •Dehydration
    • •Renal failure
    • •Excessive amounts of IV fluids containing
    • sodium chloride (NaCl)

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •Excessive nasogastric drainage
    • •Vomiting
    • •Excessive use of diuretics
    • •diarrhea
  4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
    Normal range: 60 yr or younger: 23-30 mEq/L or 23-30 mmol/L; 60-90 yr: 23-31 mEq/L or 23-31 mmol/L; older than 90: 20-29 mEq/L or 20-29 mmol/L

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Chronic pulmonary disease
    • •Intestinal obstruction
    • •Vomiting or nasogastric suctioning
    • •Metabolic alkalosis

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •Hyperventilation
    • •Diabetic ketoacidosis
    • •Diarrhea
    • •Lactic acidosis
    • •Renal failure
    • •Salicylate toxicity
  5. Glucose (fasting)
    Normal range: 60 yr or younger: 70-110 mg/dL or 4.1-5.9 mmol/L; 60-90 yr: 82-115 mg/dL or 4.6-6.4 mmol/L; older than 90: 75-121 mg/dL or 4.2-6.7 mmol/L

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Hyperglycemia
    • •Excessive amounts of IV fluids containing
    • glucose
    • •Stress
    • •Steroid use
    • •Pancreatic or hepatic disease

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •Hypoglycemia
    • •Excess insulin
  6. Creatinine

    Normal range: Females: 60 yr
    or younger: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL or
    44-97 μmol/L;
    60-90 yr:
    0.6-1.2 mg/dL
    or 53-115 μmol/L;
    older than 90: 0.6-1.3 mg/dL
    or 53-115 μmol/L

    Males: 60 yr
    or younger: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
    or 53-106 μmol/L;
    60-90 yr:
    0.8-1.3 mg/dL
    or 71-115 μmol/L;
    older than 90 yr:
    1.0-1.7 mg/dL
    or 88-150 μmol/L
    • Normal range:
    • Females: 60 yr or younger: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL or 44-97 μmol/L; 60-90 yr: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL or 53-115 μmol/L; older than 90: 0.6-1.3 mg/dL or 53-115 μmol/L
    • Males: 60 yr or younger: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL or 53-106 μmol/L; 60-90 yr: 0.8-1.3 mg/dL or 71-115 μmol/L; older than 90 yr:1.0-1.7 mg/dL or 88-150 μmol/L

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Renal damage with destruction of large
    • number of nephrons
    • •Renal insufficiency
    • •Acute renal failure
    • •Chronic kidney disease
    • •End-stage kidney disease (ESKD)

    • DECREASED IN:
    • Atrophy of muscle tissue
  7. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
    Normal range: 60 yr or younger: 10-20 mg/dL or 2.1-7.1  mmol/L; 60-90 yr: 8-23 mg/dL or 2.9-8.2 mmol/L; older than 90: 10-31 mg/dL or 3.6-11.1 mol/

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Dehydration
    • •Renal failure
    • •Excessive protein in diet
    • •Liver failure

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •Overhydration
    • •Malnutrition
  8. Prothrombin time (pro time, PT)
    Normal range: 11-12.5 sec, 85%-100% or 1: 1.1 patient-control 

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Coagulation defect (bleeding disorder)
    • •Vitamin K deficiency

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •Coagulation (clotting) disorder, such as
    • thrombophlebitis or pulmonary embolus
  9. International normalized ratio (INR)
    Normal range: 0.7-1.8

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Antiocoagulant therapy (aspirin, warfarin)

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •Extensive cancer
  10. Partial thromboplastin time, activated (aPTT)
    Normal range: 30-40 

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Coagulation defect (bleeding disorder)
    • •Anticoagulant therapy (heparin)
    • •Liver disease

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •Coagulation (clotting) disorder, such as
    • thrombophlebitis or pulmonary embolus
    • •Extensive cancer
  11. White blood cell (WBC) count
    (leukocyte count)
    Normal range: total: 5,000-10,000/

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Infection
    • •Inflammation
    • •Stress
    • •Tissue necrosis

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •Immune disorder
    • •Immunosuppressant therapy
  12. Hemoglobin, total
    • Normal range:
    • Females: 18-44 yr: 12-16 g/dL or 117-155 g/L; 45-64 yr: 11.7-16.0 g/dL or 117-160 g/L; 65-74 yr: 11.7-16.1 g/dL or 117-161 g/L;
    • Males: 18-44 yr: 14-18 g/dL or 132-173 g/L; 45-64 yr: 13.1-17.2 g/dL or 131-172 g/L; 65-74 yr: 12.6-17.4 g/dL or 126-174 g/L

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Dehydration
    • •Polycythemia
    • •Chronic pulmonary disease
    • •Congestive heart failure

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •Blood loss 
    • •Anemia
    • •Renal failure
  13. Hematocrit
    • Normal range:
    • Females: 18-44 yr: 35%-45%; 45-74 yr: 37-47%;
    • Males: 18-44 yr: 42%-52%; 45-64 yr: 39%-50%; 65-74 yr: 37%-51%

    • INCREASED IN:
    • •Dehydration
    • •Polycythemia
    • •High altitude

    • DECREASED IN:
    • •Blood loss 
    • •Anemia
    • •Kidney failure

Card Set Information

Author:
 RNnrod123
ID:
 257057
Filename:
 AHI labs
Updated:
 2014-01-17 16:36:19
Tags:
adult health
Folders:

Description:
adult health I labs
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