-
Catabolism
- definition
- examples
- - degrade complex molecules to smaller molecules to release energy
- produce energy-storage molecules- i.e., ATP, GTP, NADH, FADH2
- examples: glycolysis, TCA cycle, fermentation, etc
-
Anabolism
definition?
examples?
- energy used to synthesize new molecules and structures
- use energy-storage molecules
- examples: most biosynthesis, e.g., nucleic acid, proteins, lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan etc
-
Primary Energy-storage molecules
primary molecules, yielding energy by phosphatase
1. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
ATP -> ADP + Pi + energy
2. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
GTP -> GDP + Pi + energy
-
what molecule is the primary energy currency of bacteria?
ATP
-
Secondary energy-storage molecules
ATP equivalence?
Secondary molecules, yielding ATP from the electron transport chain (ETC)
1. reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH)
NADH = 3 ATP
2. reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2)
FADH2 = 2 ATP
-
Major glucose catabolism (energy production)
Anaerobic conditions
1.Glycoylsis
2.Fermentation
-
Major glucose catabolism (energy production)
Aerobic conditions
- 1) Glycolysis
- 2) ETC
- 3) Krebs cycle
-
Glycolysis
- aka
- conditions
- end product
- aka Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, EMP pathway
- occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic condition
-End product of glycolysis: 2 pyruvate
-
Path of Pyruvate after glycolysis:
- aerobic condition
- anaerobic condition
In aerobic: TCA cycle
In anaerobic: fermentation
-
TCA Cycle
- conditions
- starting molecule
- products produced?
- function
• only in aerobic condition
•pyruvate is a key molecule to enter TCA cycle
•produces most various energy-storage molecules, e.g GTP, NADH, FADH2
•functions as common pathway for oxidation of amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates
-
ETC
condition?
end products?
- - aerobic condition
- - acts as a bank that cashes out energy
- - 3 ATP generated from 1NADH
- - 2 ATP generated from 1 FADH2
-
Summary of aerobic glucose catabolism:
how many total ATP
34 ATP (ETC)
2 ATP (glycolysis)
+ 2 GTP (TCA cycle)
38 ATP / mole glucose
-
Fermentation
conditions?
end products??
application
• Anaerobic bacteria are less efficient at energy production than aerobic bacteria.
• anaerobic glucose catabolism produces only 2 ATP molecule per glucose.
•Conversion of pyruvic acid to organic acids & alcohols
•These end-products are useful for identification of bacteria and in industrial processes.
-
Examples of Fermentation in food
processing
-
Name 2 other Catabolic pathways for glucose
- Pentose-phosphate pathway
- – glucose to pentose bypassing glycolysis
- Entner-Duodoroff pathway
- - only in prokaryotic
–glucose to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde -3 phosphate
–mostly in obligate aerobic bacteria
-
TCA cycle (Krebs Cycle)
- produces key intermediates for the ultimate synthesis of:
- amino acids
- lipids
- purines and pyrimidines
|
|