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What did Thomas Hobbes believe?
- we were all naturally wicked,and a strong ruler (monarch) was needed to control us
- british governement was best
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What did John Locke believe?
agreed with Hobbes' natural rights of man- all people have 3 natural rights life, liberty, and the pursuit of property
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What was the purpose John Locke's social contract?
to justify the overthrow of government
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What did Voltaire do?
- influenced the US founding fathers
- got arrested in france for writings on the monarch and church
- used satire in his writings to criticize the monarch and church
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What did Voltaire advocate?
religious tolerance and freedom of speech
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What was Voltaire's famous quote?
I do not agree with what you have to say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it
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What did Montesquieu do?
most heavily influenced our founders by his advocating a seperation of powers within gov.
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What did Montesquieu believe were the only 3 types of government?
Republican, Monarchy, and despotism
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What are the characteristics of state?
- Population
- territory
- sovereignty
- government
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What is the force theory?
- State came to be from power
- strogest caveman got the power
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What is the evolutionary theory?
state evolved from fathers leading families
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What is the Divine Right Theory?
State came from god choosing someone to rule
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What is the Social Contract Theory?
individual surrenders liberty in return for protection
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What did the Magna Carta do?
- the first time the power of a monarch had been limited
- King John forced to sign by nobility
- garurnetees of fundamental rights such as trial by jury, and due process of law
- protection against absolute power
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What was The Petition of Right?
- Signed by King Charles by force of parliament
- limited kings power- may not impose martial law, can not force quatering, punish only by laws of land, question divine right
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What was the English Bill of Rights?
- sighned by william and mary of orange during glorious revolution
- prohibited standing army during peacetime
- required free parliamentary elections
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What is government?
the institution through which a society makes and enforces public policies
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What is public policy?
- all of the things a govt decides to do
- taxation defense education
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How long have govt systems been around?
as long as humans
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What is State?
a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically, and able to make and enforce laws
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What 3 things does the social contract theory say?
- state exists only to serve the will of the people( pop. sovereignty)
- people are the sole source of political power
- people are free to give or take power away
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What was the constitution made to do?
stretch
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What is politics?
- pursuit and exercise of power
- or how we select leaders and what policies they pursure
- or who gets what when and how
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what is power?
possesion of control over an enviorment or government
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what is the study of power?
politics
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what is the pluralist theory?
people have the power in the us
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what is the elitist theory?
the government or rich people have the power in the us
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power flows from _____ to _____?
- the people
- the government
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what is hyperpluralism?
theory of govt and politics contending that groups/ factions are so strong that govt is weakened
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What are govt functions?
- matain national defense
- provide public services
- preserve order
- socialize the young
- collect taxes
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How much of your income will go to taxes?
apporx 1/3
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What is a unitary govt?
gives all key powers to national or central govt
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What is a federal govt?
divides powers of govt between national and regional govts
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What is a consitutional govt?
constitution has power to limit power of those who govern
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What is a presidential govt?
power divided between independent and coequal executive and legislative branches
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What is a parliamentary govt?
executive and legislative branches are combines
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What is an autocracy govt?
ruled by a single individual
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What is an oligarchy govt?
small group of people rules
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What is a democracy govt?
- ruled by the people
- popular soverignty
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What is a direct democracy?
- people govern by voting on issues
- only exists in small societies
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What is a representative democracy?
people elect officals who govern and make laws
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What is a republic?
elected representatives are responsible to the people; requires citizen participation
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What is philosophy?
search for the truth
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What is a monarchy?
single individual (monarch) has all the power
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What is a constitutional monarch?
- a monarch acts as head of state within the guidelines of a constitution
- share power with elected government officals
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What is a constitution?
written document that tells government what it can and cant do
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What is Totalitarian?
Dictatorship
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What is Consensus Democracy?
needs unanimous approval to pass legislation
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What is a theocracy?
rule by religious authority
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What are demographics?
the study of changes that occur in large groups of people over a period of time
statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.
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What is the role of government with differing groups?
mediate among them, resolve conflicting points of view, and formulate polices that represent a collective view
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What is political spin?
- creating a favorable image with the public
- propaganda
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What is affirmative action?
policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination (minorities)
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What are the core principals of democracy?
- Individual liberty
- political equality
- majority rule
- minority rights
- economic rights
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What is individual liberty?
- individuals give up some rights in exchange for protection
- use remaining liberties to pursue a good life
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What is political equality?
all citizens are born with equal standing before govt and are entitled to equal rights
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What is popular sovereignty?
- rule by the people
- people collectively rule themselves
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What is majority rule?
greater number should exercise greater power
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What are minority rights?
minorities must be given rights because majorities that harm minorities rights diminish everyones rights
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What are economic rights?
- right to own property
- individual liberty
- pursuit of happiness
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What is indirect democracy?
citizens select policy makers to make decisions for them
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