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Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Simple diffusion
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Process by which foreign particles are removed from a cell by phagosomes which engulf and digests the foreign body.
Phagocytosis
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Cytoplasmic vesicle which engulfs foreign particles within a cell.
Phagosome
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Process by which a cell engulfs droplets of fluid from its surroundings.
Pinocytosis
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Selective cellular uptake of molecules that bind to a specific receptor.
Receptor mediated endocytosis
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The process whereby part of the membrane is internalized and then reincorporated into the plasma membrane.
Membrane recycling
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Vesicular processes that release material from a cell.
Exocytosis
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The combination of receptor-mediated endocytosis and exocytosis that moves particles through a cell.
Transcytosis
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Vesicular processes that bring matter into a cell.
Endocytosis
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The difference in electrical charge across a membrane.
Electrical gradient
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A stable voltage across the plasma membrane of an unstimulated.
Resting membrane potential
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A shift in electrical potential across a plasma membrane to a value more negative than the RMP, tendidng to inhibit a nerve or muscle cell.
Hyperpolarization
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A shift in electrical potential across a plasma membrane to a value less negative than the RMP, making a muscle or nerve cell easier to excite.
Hypopolarization
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The electrical voltage due to movement of ions across a membrane
Nernst equilibrium
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