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What is Demobilization?
Shift from wartime to peace time
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What were the effects of demobilization?
(3)
- 4 Million soldiers return home.
- Women and African Americans are urged to give up jobs
- Many Gov. contracts were cancelled
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How was labor affected by the end of WWI?
(3)
- Workers wanted higher wages and shorter hours
- Management ignored workers demands
- Strikes resulted
-
Why were workers' demands ignored after the war?
Factories were not producing goods for the war effort
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What was the result of the Seattle General Strike?
Turned public opinion against organized labor union
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Describe the events of the Boston Police Strike
(4)
- Boston police attempt to unionize
- The police commissioner Edwin Curtis refused to recognize the union
- The police go on strike
- He hires a whole new force of scabs who then received better working conditions
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Explain how union membership was affected by the labor strife of the Post War Era?
(3)
- They were granted:
- Higher Pay
- Better working conditions
- And additional holidays
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Who were the Bolsheviks?
Communist Party ran by Vladimir Lenin
-
How did Bolshevism create the Red Scare in America?
Bolsheviks scared American into thinking communism was spreading. (Labor Conflicts)
-
Was the Bolshevik infiltration of America a realistic one? Explain
(2)
- No because in actuality the communists and socialists made up a tiny % of the American population.
- But Americans perceived that Reds were everywhere.
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Who was A. Mitchell Palmer?
Attorney General against American Radicals
-
Which government agency was created to gather information on radical activity?
FBI
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Who was put in charge of the FBI?
J. Edgar Hoover
-
What were the Palmer Raids?
FBI who raided suspected communists and deported them
-
Who did the Palmer Raids target?
Alleged radicals
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How did Palmer justify the violation of the people's civil liberties?
He felt that American Civil liberties were less important than rooting out potential wrong doers.
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Why were Sacco and Vanzetti convicted robbery and murder and eventually executed?
They were radicals and immigrants.
-
Who did the KKK target during the 1920's?
(3)
Jews, Catholics, and Radicals
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What affect did the Post war era have on consumerism?
Americans were ready to spend the money they didn't have during the war
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Describe the impact of the Henry Ford's Assembly Line
Car could be produced more rapidly thus lowering the prices
-
How did Automobiles change Society?
People could get to places quicker and spread the population to the suburbs.
-
Describe the Credit System and Installment Buying
Buy now, pay later
-
What affect did the Credit System and Installment Buying have on American life?
Debt
-
How were Americans targeted by advertisements?
- Pop Psychology Methods
- (ex: Radio)
-
How was the 18th Amendment enforced?
The Volstead Act
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Why was the Prohibition a failure?
(2)
- Organized Crime
- Speakeasies
-
Which amendment repealed the 18th Amendment in 1933?
21st Amendment
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Define Fundamentalism and name one supporter
- Belief in the literal interpretation of the Bible
- Billy Sunday
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Why was John Scopes found guilty?
He was accused of teaching evolution instead of creation
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What was the Scopes Trial really about?
Fundamentalism vs. Evolution
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Who represented the defense and prosecution in the Scopes Trial?
- Defense: Clarence Darrow
- Prosecution: William Jennings Bryan
-
What was the significance of the Scopes Trial?
It showed the first signs of the United States moving away from being a Christian Society
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18-30 Year old women who defied the traditional social norms of women during the 20's?
Flappers
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What were the characteristics of the Flappers?
(4)
- Short hair
- Knee Length dresses
- Lots of Makeup
- Drove Cars
-
What was the impact of the Flapper generation?
Female declaration of independence
-
Identify two FADS of the 1920's
- Flag pole sitting
- Crossword Puzzles
-
What was the impact of the Great Migration
Jobs and Freedom
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Period in Harlem that celebrated African American musicians, writers, and artists?
The Harlem Renaissance
-
African American Activist who helped find the NAACP?
WEB Dubois
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Greatest Jazz Musician that wrote What a Wonderful World
Louis Armstrong
-
Wrote "The Weary Blues"
One of the most famous Harlem Renaissance writers/poets
Langston Hughes
-
Explain Black Nationalism and Marcus Garvey's theories?
- Blacks would be better off in an area of only black people.
- (White racism)
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This lost generation writer wrote of his war experiences during WWI
Hemingway
-
Wrote of the young and wealthy during the 1920's
Scott Fitzgerald
-
He was the "Sultan of Swat"
Babe Ruth
-
Who was Charles Lindbergh
The first person to fly solo across the Atlantic
-
First woman to fly across the Atlantic?
Amelia Earheart
-
Silent film star known for wearing a derby hat
Charlie Chaplin
-
What was Warren G. Harding's campaign slogan in the 1920 election?
"Back to Normalcy"
-
What were Harding's two economic goals?
- Reduce the national debt
- Promote economic growth
-
Who was the Ohio Gang?
Harding's friends who held the lower level government positions that they were not qualified for, but became very rich from.
-
Describe the Teapot Dome Scandal
Harding's Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, took in bribes from private oil companies for the rights to drill on government land
-
Why did Calvin Coolidge appeal to Americans?
(3)
and what was his nickname?
- Serious and straight forward.
- More pro-business
- Believed less government interference in business
- (Nickname: "Silent Cal")
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What was the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act?
High taxes on imported farm goods to attempt to make people buy U.S. farm goods instead
-
How did the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act hurt farmers more than help them?
It didn't make the imported goods very high. They were still cheaper than American goods.
-
Which two groups did not benefit from Harding's and Coolidge's Republican policies?
Labor and Farming
-
What were the lingering effects of WWI?
- U.S. becomes a banker for Europe
- Germany cannot pay their war debts and must borrow money from the U.S.
- We didn't join the League of Nations
-
Define the Kellogg-Briand Pact
Outlawed the use of war to solve problems
-
Why was the Kellogg-Briand Pact unrealistic?
(2)
- There was no way to enforce it.
- The only thing holding nations to their promise was their word.
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