Chapter 10 Key Terms

the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do

an innate (unlearned) biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout species

an aroused state that occurs because of physiological need

a deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation

the body’s tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or a steady state

when performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either low or high arousal

learning to perform a task so well that it becomes automatic.

the weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight.

an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

an eating disorder in which an individual (typically female) consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.

characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food during which the person feels a lack of control over eating.

states that must be satisfied in the following sequence: physiological needs, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization

the highest and most elusive of Maslow’s needs, is the motivation to develop one’s full potential as a human being

asserts that there are three basic organismic needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy

based on internal factors such as organismic needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy), as well as curiosity, challenge, and fun

involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments

the process by which an organism effortfully controls behavior in order to pursue important objectives.

feeling, or affect, that can involve physiological arousal (such as a fast heartbeat), conscious experience (thinking about being in love with someone), and behavioral expression (a smile or grimace)

a lie detector

states that emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment.

Proposes that after the initial perception, the experience of the emotion results from the perception of one’s own physiological changes.

the proposition that emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously.

developed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer, states that emotion is determined by two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling.

states that facial expressions can influence emotions as well as reflect them.

are sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed.

refers to emotions such as anger, guilt, and sadness

refers to emotions such as joy, happiness, and interest.

Fredrickson’s model of positive emotion, stating that the function of positive emotions lies in their effects on an individual's attention and ability to build resources.