Soc 366

Work = Activity, provides socially valued product or service, many forms

Empirical = no change
Normative = change, what ought to be,

Industrialization
-technical aspects of progressing society
-mechanization, high SOL eventually
-bureaucracy, increased education, urbanization

Capitalism = key aspects of economic & social organization of productive enterprise

European Feudal Society
-agriculture, inequality, little social change, little rights
-working class (Proletariat), capitalist class (Bourgeoisie)
Marx- proletariat rev leads to socialism

Mercantile Capitalism (1500's)
-Merchants wealthy (trade), colonial empire
-wealth fuels industrial capitalism
-expansion for more trade goods

Industrial Revolution (1700's)
-rapid social, economic change
-industrial advancement (factories)
-creation of working class, skilled workers endangered
-division of labour, women work

Great Transformation (1944)
-new market economy transforms society
-emphasis on raw production, transportation 
-agriculture declines, wage labour, gender roles change, democracy

Canada (1800's)
-slover industrialization, origional provided raw materials
-immigration helps establish transportation
-Trans creates industrialization, US investment
-production increases, craftwork decreases

Adam Smith "Wealth of Nations"
-capitalism a source of wealth
-competition leads to economic growth
-"invisible hand"
-worker exploitation? - higher wages leads to productivity (not reality)

Karl Marx
-land , labour, capital = modes of production
-equal class structure, value leads to exploitation
-loss of control over work = alienation
-class conflict lead to social change (rev), socialism

Division of Labour
-specialization vs. deskilling
-Adam Smith "key to success"
-Charles Babbage "lower labour cost=profit)
-Karl Marx "alienation=class conflict"

Division of Labour (Emile Durkheim)
-interdependence in society
-excessive DOL = social isolation
-society must work together to overcome "growing pains" of industrial capitalism

Max Weber
-critic of bureaucracies, result of industrial cap
-informal work replaced, job diversity narrowed
-Education=success
-bureaucracy = "iron cage"

Trends of Industrial Capitalism
-colonial legacies
-Scandinavian experiments w/ democracy
-Asian tigers - state guided, investments
-China politically com, economically cap

Problems of Industrial cap
-Great Depression followed by golden era
-downsizing (de-industrialization)
-environmental eoncerns

Industrial restructuring (1980's)
-downsizing, relocation, mergers
-demand for "flexible" workforce, fewer restrictions
-growing inequality

Era of Globalization (flow of $, services, goods)
-economic change (international dol & production)
-technological change (internet)
-Political change (free trade, less intervention)
-cultural change (immigrants)

Daniel Bell
-service sector replaces manufacturing
-demand for education
-knowledge=less social inequality

Robert Reich
-service sector dominates
-work conducted in global network
-educated workers valuable
-gap b/w rich and poor growing

Richard Florida
-economic growth depends on creativity
-3 T's=technology, talent, tolerance
Joseph Schumpeter
-capitalism replaces old industries, creative destruction

Care Giving & Globalization
-"care deficit" in industrialized countries (duel earning families) filled by immigrants)

Manufacturing Jobs (Maquilas)
-factories set up in developing countries by rich countries (ex Mexico)
-to some extent Canada (w/ US relationship), b/c stable, unemployment, tax, close, educated

Outsourcing
-countries outsource skilled jobs for cheaper labour costs

Population Aging
-result of baby boomers
-more competition for successful jobs
-"near retirement" percentage increase
-deal w/ pensions and retirement age?
-shortage of blue collar workers

Increasing Worker Diversity
-immigrants increasing, fill unwanted jobs
-come mostly from asian countries
-visible minorities increasing

Educated Workers Increasing
-more competitive internationally
-workforce training separate (canada not so good)
- employment progressing slower, leader to unemployment and underemployment

Labour Force Participation Trends
-more women, less men
-youth went down in 1990's, up since
-more older workers

Industrial Shifts
-more people going to tertiary industry, leaving primary and secondary
-due to expansion, outsourcing, education, technology, ect