Pathology Chapter 12

a relative state of mind in which a person who is healthy is able to cope with and adjust to the recurrent stresses of everyday living in a culturally acceptable way

a functional impairment that substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities for a significant duration

observable demonstrations of emotion that can be described in terms of quality, range, and appropriateness

moderately reduced range of affect

the diminishment or loss of emotional expression sometimes observed in schizophrenia, mental retardation, and some depressive disorders

multiple, abrupt changes in affect seen in certain types of schizoprenia and bipolar disorder

generally appropriate emotional response

inability to remember either isolated parts of the past or one's entire past; may be caused by brain damage or severe emotional trauma

absence of the ability to experience either pleasure or joy, even in the face of causative events

effort to conceal a gap in memory by fabricating detailed, often believable stories. Associated with alcohol abuse

difficulty with performing mathematical calculations

generalized negative mood characterized by depression

repetition of words or phrases spoken by others

exaggerated sense of physical and emotional well-being not based on reality, disproportionate to the cause, or inappropriate to the situation

any unreal sensory perception that occurs with no external cause

excessive movement and activity

a state of near unconsciousness

lack of normal mental functioning due to injury or disease. may include changes to personality as well as memory and reasoning

a pattern of drug use that causes damage to health

state in which the body becomes accustomed to the substance ingested

individuals who exhibit a lessening or disappearance of a disease or disorder are said to be in

acute and sometimes fatal delirium induced by the cessation of ingesting excessive amounts of alcohol over a long period

difficulty in controlling use of a drug

episode of behavioral disturbance following ingestion of alcohol or psychotropic drugs

group of symptoms that occur during cessation of the use of a regularly taken drug

paralysis or immobility from psychological or emotional rather than physical causes

this form of schizophrenia is dominated by prominent psychomotor disturbances that may alternate between extremes, such as hyperkinesis and stupor, and may be accompanied by a dreamlike (oneiric) state and hallucinations

condition of confusion, unfocused, irrational agitation. in mental disorders, agitation and confusion may also be accompanied by a more intense disorientation, incoherence, or fear, and illusions, hallucinations and delusions

characterized by prominent affective changes, fleeting and fragmentary delusions and hallucinations, and irresponsible and unpredictable behaviors. Shallow, inappropriate mood, flighty thoughts, social isolation, and incoherent speech are also present

a state of dreamlike hallucination

a type of delusional disorder, paranoia includes the inaccurate perception of suspicious thinking

disassociation with or impaired perception of reality; may be accompanied by hallucinations, delusions, incoherence, akathisia (the inability to keep still) and/or disorganized behavior

a group of disorders characterized by fundamental distortions of thinking and perception, coupled with affects that are inappropriate or blunted. the patient exhibits characteristic inability to recognize and appropriate perception of reality, although his/her intellectual capacity is usually intact

unlike the other forms of schizophrenia, patient exhibits anhedonia, eccentric behavior, cold affect and social isolation.

disorder characterized by swings between an elevation of mood, increased energy and activity (hypomania and mania), and a lowering of mood and decreased energy and activity (depression)

disorder characterized by recurring episodes of mild elation and depression that are not severe enough to warrant a diagnosis of bipolar disorder

mild, chronic depression of mood that last for years but is not severe enough to justify a diagnosis of depression

depression typically characterized by its degree or number of occurrences. Patient exhibits dysphoria, reduction of energy, and decrease in activity. symptoms include anhedonia, lack of ability to concentrate, and fatigue. Patient may experience parasomnias, diminished appetite, and loss of self-esteem

state of an unstable, inappropriate mood

fear of heights

fear of leaving home and entering crowded spaces

fear of men

fear of scrutiny by other people

anticipation of impending danger and dread accompanied by restlessness, tension, tachycardia, and breathing difficulty not associated with an apparent stimulus

fear of enclosed spacess

persistent belief in a demonstrable untruth or a provable, inaccurate perception despite clear evidence to the contrary

maladaptive coping with severe stress by developing one or more seperate personalities

inability or difficulty with reading and/or writing

anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about everyday things that is disproportionate to the actual source of worry

fear of women

abnormal, persistent concern about physical health.

an irrational fear of developing a specific disease

inaccurate sensory perception based on a real stimulus; examples include mirages and interpreting music or wind as voices

disorder characterized by recurrent, distressing, and unavoidable preoccupations or irresistible drives to perform specific rituals that the patient feels will prevent some harmful event

anxiety disorder characterized by recurring, severe panic attacks. commons symptoms of a panic attack include rapid heartbeat, perspiration, dizziness, dyspnea, uncontrollable fear, and hyperventilation

extended emotional response to traumatic event. symptoms may include flashbacks, recurring nightmares, anhedonia, insomnia, hypervigilance, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, and emotional blunting

any disorder that has unfounded physical complaints by the patient, despite medical assurance that no physiologic problem exist

prolonged refusal to eat adequate amounts of food and an altered perception of what constitutes a normal minimum body weight caused by an intense fear of becoming obese

eating disorder in which the individual repetitively eats large quantities of food and then purges the body through self-induced vomiting or inappropriate use of laxatives

excessive length or depth of sleep, especially during the daytime

indifference or unresponsiveness to sexual stimuli; inability to achieve orgasm during intercourse

an inability to fall (or stay) asleep without a known cause

relentless drive to achieve sexual orgasm in the female

relentless drive to achieve sexual orgasmn in the male

a disorder characterized by disgust, fear, revulsion, or lack of desire in consensual relationships involving genital contact

sleepwalking

disorder in which the patient shows a complete lack of interest in social obligations, to the extreme of showing antipathy for other individuals.  patients frustrate easily, are quick to display aggression, show a tendency to blame others, and do not change their behavior even after punishment

disorder characterized by impulsive, unpredictable mood and self-image, resulting in unstable interpersonal relationships and a tendency to see and respond to others as unwaveringly good or evil

reliance on an object as a stimulus for sexual arousal and pleasure

uncontrollable impulse to steal

abnormal sexual attraction to dead bodies

characterized by recurrent and unavoidable preoccupations or irresistible drives to perform specific rituals that the patient feels will prevent some harmful event. patients find their preoccupations natural and normal

state in which the individual exhibits inappropriate suspicious thinking, self-importance, a lack of ability to forgive perceived insults, and an extreme sense of personal rights

an abnormal sexual attraction to objects, situations, or individuals that is not part of normal stimulation

sexual preference, either in fantasy or actuality, for children as a means of achieving sexual excitement and gratification

uncontrollable impulse to set fires

condition in which the patient withdraws into a fantasy world, with little need for social interaction. most patients have little capacity to experience pleasure or to express their feelings

uncontrollable impulse to pull one's hair out by the roots

IQ range of 50-55 to 70; learning difficulties result

IQ range of 35-40 to 50-55; support needed to function in society

IQ less than 20-25; severe self care limitations

IQ range of 20-25 to 35-40; continuous need for support to live in society

disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction and repetitive patterns of inappropriate behavior. often considered a high functioning form of autism

condition of abnormal development of social interaction, impaired communication, and repetitive behavoirs

a group of disorders characterized by impaired communication and social interaction that includes autism, and Rett's and Asperger's syndromes. Not to be confused with specific developmental disorders (SDD) such as dyslexia and dyscalculia

condition characterized by initial normal functioning followed by loss of social and intellectual functioning. usually diagnosed only in girls

series of syndromes that include impulsiveness, inability to concentrate, and short attention span

any of a number of disorders characterized by patterns of persistent aggressive and defiant behaviors

a type of conduct disorder that is characterized by hostile, disobedient behavior