Patho 1 (Prof Bruce & Neoplasia)

One of a number of alternative forms of the same gene or a variation of a gene at a specific location.

A specific loxation of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome.

Encompasses the whole collection of an individual's genes.

The instructions for making a protein molecule.

The process that makes proteins from mRNA.

Caused by an error in cell division during meiosis resulting in an extra #21 chromosome.

Which type of cells are unable to divide and reproduce?

Which cells continue to divide and reproduce? Examples?

Which type of cell can be triggered to enter the cell cycle and produce large numbers of progenitor cells when needed?

Type of stem cell that produces one cell type but retain property of self renewal. Examples?

Stem cell that will only produce a small number of cells. Examples?

Type of stem cell that can produce numerous types of cells. example?

Specific location of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome.

A list of inherited instructions that may or may not have an observable effect on the organism.

How the gene is expressed - what you see.

______ codes for ______.

Associated with effects of multiple genes in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors.  Examples?

How soon after the first indication of Compartment Syndrome can permanent loss of function occur?

What is the hallmark symptom of Compartment Syndrome?

What is Compartment Syndrome?

Most common signs/symptoms of Compartment Syndrome?

To realign a fracture.

To stabilize a fracture.

What are the 5 P's of neurovascular assessment?

Where should you take a pulse in relation to an injury?

What is a strain?

What is a sprain?

Who is most at risk for Osteoporosis?

What is Osteoporosis?

Softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization.

What is the hallmark sign of Osteomalacia/Rickets?

What causes Osteomalacia/Rickets?

Osteoporosis is due to a lack of ______ whereas Osteomalacia is due to a lack of _______.

"Bowing of the legs"

What causes Paget's disease?

Excessive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.

Normal bone marrow is replaced by vascular, fibrous, connective tissue that leads to formation of larger, disorganized, & WEAKER bone tissue.

Paget's disease most commonly affects these areas of the body.

Which bone disease is a mineralization problem?

What is most often the cause of Osteomyelitis?

Acute and chronic inflammation, fever, pain, necrotic bone - these are all s/s of what?

What is Osteomyelitis?

38% of bone tumors; located in the metaphyses of long bones; most common type of bone tumor.

Osteosarcoma mainly affects what age?

Body makes too many bone plasma cells that produce ab that are not needed. The cells collect in bone marrow.

First symptoms include bone pain, often in the back or ribs, broken bones, weakness, fatigue, wt loss, or repeated infections.

What are some advanced symptoms of Multiple Myeloma?

Chronic and frequent disease which includes degeneration and loss of articular cartilage and formation of bone spurs.

Degenerative Joint Disease.

Main complaint is dull, achy pain usually at knees or hips.

"Bone on Bone"

What do 70-80% of those with Rheumatoid Arthritis have?

What manifestation does RA have that osteoarthritis does NOT have?

Metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid levels in blood. Caused by deposit of uric acid crystals in synovial fluid and joint tissues.

Some foods & bev with high levels of purines (things for gout pt to avoid).

A few symptoms of this are:
tender lymph nodes in neck or armpit
pain in joints w/o swelling or redness
post-exertion malaise >24 hrs
headaches of a new type, pattern or severity

Originates in bone marrow and occurs after a fracture. Is common in pts with long bone fractures; usually occurs within 48 hrs of injury.

S/S include agitation & restlessness, mental status changes, tachycardia/tachypnea & hypotension, sudden dyspnea, petechial rash over upper chest & neck.