Professional baking.txt

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  1. What is Bakers Percentage?
    • The weight ratio of flour to ingredient.
    • Total weight of ingredient/total weight of flour x 100 = % of ingredient
  2. What are the grades of flour?
    • Patent-
    • Extra Short, Short, Long
    • Clear-
    • First, Second
    • Straight-
    • Extraction-
  3. The seven main components in the composition of flour are?
    Starch, protein, ash/mineral content, pigments, moisture, gums, fats/emulsifiers.
  4. The process that occurs when oxygen from the air reacts with proteins and other components of flour during mixing is called?
    oxidation
  5. What are two proteins found in wheat flour?
    Glutenin and Gliadin
  6. What are the three phases of mixing in the production of doughs and batters?
    • 1. Blending
    • 2. Forming
    • 3. Developing the dough
  7. What is the stretchable protein structure in a wheat flour mixture?
    Gluten
  8. This process occurs when proteins and sugars together are subjected to high heat, thus taking place on the surface of high-protein foods? Known as caramelization or browning on starches, sugars.
    The Maillard reaction
  9. Strong flour is made from wheat with a (___) protein content.
    High protein
  10. The order of patent flour by protein is?
    • 1. High-gluten, 14%
    • 2. Bread, 11-13.5%
    • 3. Pastry, 9%
    • 4. Cake, 8%

    Euro flour has 11-11.5%
  11. These types of flour stay in a lump when squeezed in hand?
    Pastry, cake
  12. What is the strongest flour?
    Patent bread flour
  13. To thicken pie filings that are to be frozen, use this type of starch?
    Waxy maize
  14. What are the six proposes of sugar in baking?
    • 1. Add sweetness and flavor
    • 2. Create tenderness and fineness of texture, partly by weakening the gluten structure
    • 3. Give the crust color
    • 4. Increase keeping qualities by retaining moisture
    • 5. Act as creaming agents with fats; foaming agents with eggs
    • 6. Provide food for yeast
  15. Coarse sugar is good for making syrups. When creaming fats, this type of sugar used?
    Fine sugar
  16. Icing/confectioners' sugar are good for icing and dusting.what are their names?
    • Xxx or xx dusting
    • 10x smooth textured icing
    • 6x dusting
  17. A suitable fat for pie crust are?
    Regular shortening, butter, lard
  18. Why are pasteurized eggs used for many preparations?
    Sanitation reasons. Reduction of salmonella and food poisoning.
  19. What are the eight functions of eggs?
    • 1. Structure
    • 2. Emulsifying of fats and liquids- creating smooth batters by volume and texture
    • 3. Leavening- tiny air cell maker
    • 4. Shortening-
    • 5. Moisture-
    • 6. Flavor-
    • 7. Nutritional value-
    • 8. Color- adding yellow from yolk and browning crust
  20. Leavening is?
    Production/incorporation of gases in a baked product to increase volume and produce shape and texture.
  21. The lowest protein content in this wheat type is?
    Soft winter wheat
  22. The outer portion of the wheat endosperm is ___ than the inner portion.
    It's darker in color, harder,.and breaks into larger pieces during milling
  23. Mineral content in flour is also called?
    Ash content
  24. Margarine contains ___ amount of water?
    10-15%
  25. Young dough
    Unfermented dough
  26. Unfermented dough
    Old dough
  27. Hearth and Deck ovens bake directly on this surface?
    The floor of the oven
  28. Expelling carbon dioxide, equalization of temp, relaxes gluten, redistributes yeast is done by this act?
    Folding/punching
  29. Banneton is used for what?
    Proofing bread
  30. To measure the density of sugar syrups, you use this?
    Hydrometer
  31. The most important chef in the early part of the 20th century was Ecoffier?
    False.
  32. Only wheat flour will develop enough gluten to make yeast bread?
    True
  33. Confiseur
    Candy maker, confectioner
  34. French term for ice cream maker
    Glacier
  35. Boulanger
    Bread maker
  36. CCP
    Critical Control Point - Step 2 in HAACP; how to control a hazard
  37. The highest weight per dozen of Egg size is?
    Jumbo
  38. Lean Dough
    Low in fat and sugar.
  39. Higher proportions of fat, sugar, even egg dough, like Brioche & sweet rolls.
    Rich dough.
  40. What are the three basic techniques for mixing and fermenting yeast doughs?
    • 1. Combine into smooth dough
    • 2. Distribute yeast evenly
    • 3. Develop the gluten
  41. Extensibility of dough
    ability of the dough to be stretched into different shapes
  42. Elasticity of dough
    When the dough is stretched, it should spring back. Loaves flatten without elastic dough.
  43. Teancity of dough
    the resistance of dough when beign stretched.

Card Set Information

Author:
 trebizo
ID:
 259310
Filename:
 Professional baking.txt
Updated:
2014-02-01 19:46:35
Tags:
baking culinary professional gisslen
Folders:
Baking 101
Description:
baking basics
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