-
 portion labeled a where the energy is stored.
phosphate
-
 portion labeled b, one of the nitrogenous bases.
adenine
-
 portion labeled c, a 5 carbon sugar.
ribose
-
sum of all chemical activity in an organism
metabolism
-
the amount of calories a person would burn doing nothing all day
BMR-basal metabolic rate
-
a calculation of body health that only takes into account the weight and height of a person.
BMI-body mass index
-
maintenance of a stable internal environment
homeostasis
-
enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glyceron
lipase
-
an enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides in the stomach
pepsin
-
enzymes that break down dissaccharides into monosaccharides
sucrase, maltase, lactase
-
enzyme in the mouth and pancreas that break down starch into dissaccharides
amylase
-
a process that adds water to break down large molecules into smaller ones
hydrolysis / catabolism
-
a process that removes water to build larger molecules from smaller ones
anabolism / dehydration synthesis / condensation
-
a biological catalyst, most of the time a protein that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions in a living organism
enzyme
-
mastication, peristalsis, churning and dehydration are all examples of this.
mechanical digestion
-
enzymatic breakdown is an example of this type of digestion
chemical
-
 structure labeled a site of mastication and initial chemical digestion of carbohydrates, makes a bolus to swallow
mouth
-
 labeled b. largest internal organ, produces bile for the chemical digestion of lipids, prepares nitrogen wastes for disposal, and detoxifies poisonous chemicals in the blood.
liver
-
 labeled c. muscular sac in which excess bile from the liver is stored
gallbladder
-
 labeled d. organ divided into cecum, ascending, transverse, descending and rectum, absorbs water and forms feces
colon or large intestine
-
 labeled e. eliminates solid waste, defecation
anus
-
 labeled f. muscular tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach and does peristalsis
esophagus
-
 labeled g. saclike expansion, strong complex muscular wall that churns food and is initial site of chemical digestion of proteins
stomach
-
 labeled h. secretes the majority of digestive enzymes into small intestine, also secretes hormones for sugar regulation into the blood
pancreas
-
 labeled i. connects the stomach with the colon, consists of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, finishes chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.
small intestine
-
 c. volume of air remaining in lungs after a forced breath out
residual volume
-
 b. the total amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after a normal exhale
expiratory reserve volume
-
 a. the volume of air that can be forced in after a normal breath in
inspiratory reserve volume
-
 g. The volume of air breathed in and out without conscious effort
tidal volume
-
passive transport that allows oxygen to move from the alveoli of the lungs into the capillaries and from the capillaries to the cells of the body
diffusion
-
flow of oxygen from the outside to the alveoli
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli
-
which lung has 3 lobes
right
-
how many lobes does the left lung have?
2
-
formula for cellular respiration
C6H12O2 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy
-
what happens to the diaphragm when we inhale
it contracts and moves inferiorly
-
what happens to the diaphragm when we exhale?
it relaxes and moves superiorly
-
 a. cartilagenous structure that houses the vocal cords and has an epiglottis above it.
larynx
-
 b. spongy structure that holds air
lung
-
 c. small branches within the lungs that carry air from the bronchi to the alveoli
bronchioles
-
 d. smooth muscle structure that helps with inhalation and exhalation.
diaphragm
-
 e. connects the nose to the mouth
pharynx
-
 f. cartilagenous structure that passes air from the larynx to the bronchi
trachea
-
 h. cartilagenous tubes that branch off of the trachea to each lung.
bronchus (pl. bronchi)
-
 j. small sacs at the end of each bronchiole where gas exchange between the respiratory and circulatory system occurs
alviolus (pl. alveoli)
-
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that controls reabsorption of water in the nephrons of the kidneys
ADH-antidiuretic hormone
-
hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that controls the reabsorption of sodium in the nephrons of the kidneys.
aldosterone
-
order of urine from the collecting duct to the outside of the body
renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
-
chemical that inhibits the release of ADH and causes the nephrons of the kidneys to excrete water
alcohol
-
 a. location of reabsoption of NaCl, water, K+ and HCO 3
Distal convoluted tubule
-
 b. site of secretion of urea, water, NaCl, K+, creatinine
collecting duct
-
 c. where RBC, WBC, and platelets leave the glomerulus
efferent arteriole
-
 d. where whole blood enters the glomerulus to be filtered
afferent arteriole
-
 e. ball of capillaries, site of filtration
glomerulus
-
 f. capsule that surrounds the glomerulus and serves as the first site of the filtrate
Bowman's capsule
-
 g. where whole blood comes into the nephron
renal artery
-
 i. collect filtered blood to return to circulation
renal vein
-
 j. site of reabsorption of water and NaCl, part of nephron that extends into the renal medulla
loop of Henle
-
functional unit of the kidney
nephron
-
part of the hypothalamus that regulates the amount of water in the blood
osmoreceptors
-
list of things that are reabsorbed into the blood
water, NaCl, HCO3, K+, glucose
-
list of things that are secreted into the urine
water, NaCl, creatinine, urea, K+
-
part of the kidney that includes the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and proximal and distal convoluted tubule
renal cortex
-
part of the kidney that houses the collecting duct and loop of Henle
renal medulla
-
sequence of filtrate through the nephron
Bowman's capsule --> proximal convoluted tubule --> loop of Henle --> distal convoluted tubule --> collecting duct
-
sequence of blood through the nephron
- renal artery --> afferent arteriole -->efferent arteriole -->peritubular capillaries --> renal
- vein
-
part of urinalysis that test for color and clarity
macroscopic examination
-
part of urinalysis that tests for pH, glucose, ketones, specific gravity and proteins
chemical analysis
-
part of urinalysis that tests for RBC, WBC, crystals and bacteria
microscopic analysis
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