Review Class: Test One

About _______ of the body's lymph nodes are in the head and neck region.

How many cartilages make up the larynx?

What muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles?

The _________ nodal group receives nearly all of the lymph from the head and neck area.

The function of the _________ is to act as an attachment site for muscles associated with swallowing.

What is typically the largest vascular structure in the neck?

The jugulodigastric nodes may also be referred to as the _________.

The postcricoid and pyriform sinus are located in the _________.

Is the soft palate considered part of the oral cavity?

When treating the oropharynx with IMRT, most structures can be avoided except for the ________.

The tonsils are the most common site of disease in the _________.

The _________ nodes area is a very high risk for dissemination of disease, inaccessible for surgery and therefore included in the treatment field for nasopharyngeal ca.

Ear pain:

Difficulty swallowing:

Wheezing, raspy or rough breath:

Double vision:

Red velvet patches in the mouth:

White patches in the mouth:

Horny overgrowth:

Abnormal cell growth:

Painful swallowing:

Which cancers of the head and neck have HPV been linked to?

Which cancer of the head and neck has Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) been linked to?

The two most common etiological factors contributing to head and neck:

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (iron deficiency anemia), often seen in females, is considered an important etiological factor in _________ cancer.

The normal dosage of irradiation to the supraclav when treated with a H&N ca is:

The _________ is found at the base of the tongue.

When treating a primary tumor in the hypo-pharynx and the nodes of Rouvière, a sharp field is needed to avoid and protect the:

Name that pharynx:
Includes the pharyngeal walls above the soft palate

Name that pharynx:
Includes the anterior tongue, tonsillar pillar, uvula, soft palate, tonsils & base of the tongue

Name that pharynx:
Includes the pharyngeal walls below the base of the tongue
pyrifom sinus
post cricoid region

Cancer of the _________ has the highest rate of nodal metastasis of all H&N cancers.

Tumors of the _________ may invole the major cranial nerves.

A mouth stent or tongue blade can be used to separate or _________ the the palate.

The organ most at risk when treating the maxillary antrum is the:

The most common site of distant mets from H&N cancer is the _______

The usual wedge pair technique often used in treatment of the parotid gland is:

The most commonly involved site for malignancy of the sinuses would be:

Coughing up blood

Collapsed lung:

Etiological factors of lung ca:

Adenocarcinoma is most often found in the _________ of the lung.

Squamous cell ca is most often found in the _________ of the lung.

Pancoast tumors are found at the _________.

Mesothelioma is most often found in the _________ of the lung.

Large Cell ca is most often found in the _________ of the lung.

The histological type of lung ca not associated with smoking is:

"Clubbing" of the fingers is a physical symptom with:

The histological type of lung ca that is assumed to indicate that there is already distant disease at the time of diagnosis is:

A pt with a middle lobe posterior lung tumor may be positioned prone to facilitate:

Initial AP/PA fields for lung ca may require an anterior wedge to facilitate:

Clinical detection by cancer site:
Oral Cavity

Clinical detection by cancer site:
Oropharynx

Clinical detection by cancer site:
Hypopharynx

Clinical detection by cancer site:
Larynx

Clinical detection by cancer site:
Nasopharynx

Clinical detection by cancer site:
Maxillary Sinus

The total dose for prophylactic cranial irradiation is typically:

The right lung has _____ lobes.

Lung tumors are thought to move with ____________.

A __________ may be used to avoid hot spots due to the natural slope of the chest.

A treatment field with an upper border above both clavicles and lower border approximately 5 cm below the carina, including the mediastinal lymphatics and blocking most of the left lung would likely be an initial treatment field for an __________.

The esophagus is located __________ to the trachea.

The junction of the transverse and descending colon takes place at the ___________.

An out pouching or weakening of the intestinal wall most commonly seen in the large intestine is termed:

The first portion of the small intestine is the ___________.

The longest segment of the human intestinal tract is the _________.

The most common histological type of small bowel ca is:

The most common histological type of stomach ca is:

The curative treatment of choice for stomach ca is:

The most common presenting symptom of stomach ca is:

Weight loss due to poor absorption of nutrients:

Vomiting blood:

Dysphagia is a common complaint of patients with __________ cancer.

Esophageal cancers of the _______ (portion) are mainly treated with radiation therapy & chemo, not surgery.

What histology is most often found in the lower one third of the esophagus?

Common sites of colon ca mets are:
(3)

Radiation treatment fields for cancers of the ________ should include the inguinal lymph nodes. (GI)

A history of ________ is a risk factor of colon ca.

Patients scheduled for radiation therapy of the lower esophagus will likely experience _________.

Patients scheduled for radiation therapy of the upper esophagus will likely experience _________.

Intestinal tumors grow progressively through the layers of the intestines in the order:

In order to avoid over-dosing the kidneys, the most common tx technique of pancreatic ca is __________.

The histological type of small bowel cancer with the best prognosis is:

MAC stage A for colorectal ca correlates to the TNM system stage _____.

Anatomical relationship of the pancreas:
Stomach:
Duodenum:
Liver:
Spleen:

The function of the pancreas is to regulate _______ levels and secrete ________.

Anatomical relationship to the liver:
Stomach:
Gallbladder:
Aorta:
Inferior Vena Cava:
Diaphragm:

The function of the liver is to store/filter _______, secrete _______ and convert _______.

The gallbladder is a small organ tucked under the right lobe of the ________.

The function of the gallbladder is to store _________.

The ________ serves to supply arterial blood to the spleen, pancreas & stomach.

The biliary ducts are principally concerned with the transport of bile and digestive enzymes into the ___________.

The gallbladder is generally found by its attachment to the ventral surface of the ___________.

The release of bile by the gallbladder is triggered by the presence of_______ in the stomach.

The ascending and transverse colon meet at the ___________.

Common sites of mets from liver ca are:

The most common type of tumors found in the pancreas are:

Cholethiasis:

Symptoms of pancreatic ca include:

Local administration of chemotherapy using proximal venous access is known as ________.

The PAB field is intended to treat level ____ axillary nodes.

The most common symptom of breast ca is:

Removal of the entire breast, local lymph nodes & pectoralismuscles:

An oncogene found in some breast ca patients that reacts differently to hormone therapy & some chemo-drugs.

A tumor suppressor gene associated with a familial risk of breast ca:

Leathery, thick feeling and orange coloring of the breast's skin indicating infiltration of cancerous cells into the dermal layer.

The supraclav is treated with a:

The total radiation dose received by the lumpectomy bed in standard whole breast irradiation followed by lumpectomy site boost is:

The most common histological type of breast ca is:

An xrt field should not include more than 2 cm of lung tissue to decrease the chance of latent:

A sentinal lymph node biopsy involves the injection of blue dye and radioactive:

Where are point A & B located?

The tolerance of the rectum & bladder is:

The outermost portion of the gyn tract is the:

The connective tissue immediately lateral to the uterine cervix:

A _______ test may be useful in the detection of ovarian ca.

Cervical ca stems from:

The lateral spaces in the vaginal apex are called:

_________ ca is the 5th leading cause of death in women.

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina has been linked to use of the drug:

What is the normal hemoglobin range?

_________ can be prescribed to treat diarrhea associated with pelvic xrt.

If a patient with cervix ca has peri-aortic nodal involvement, there is a 35% increase risk for spread to the _________.

The most radioresistant gyn structure is the:

Inguinal nodes are often included when treating:
(GYN)

The Gleason grading system has _____ different histological patterns.

The seminal vesicle lies _______ to the prostate and _____ to the rectum.

define:
T.U.R.P.

define:
L.D.H.

define:
HCG

Tumors of the ________ generally require the highest dose to treat out of all male cancers.

When treating seminoma stages I, IA, IB, the _________ and ________ nodes should be included.

The most common histological type of prostate ca is:

Brachytherapy in the management of prostate ca would be considered:

_________ is a hormone therapy drug for prostate ca.

A common location for distant mets from seminoma is:

The inguinal nodes should be includes when treating this male ca:

The four-field box is often used for __________. (male)

The upper border of the inverted Y field for seminoma tx is at the level of ______ with the lower border at the _________.

The total dose for xrt of the prostate tumor bed is:

Cancers of the kidney usually arise in the:

Nephroblastomas are also known as:

Cancers of the renal pelvis are most commonly:

Cancers of the renal cortex are most commonly:

Most ________ tumors arise in the posterior wall, lateral wall and trigone.

Etiological factors of bladder ca include:

Three histological types of bladder cancer are:

Surgical removal of the bladder:

Inserting chemo-drugs directly into the bladder via a catheter:

T.U.R.B.

I.V.P.

The ureters attach to the _________ surface of the bladder.

Renal cell carcinomas have direct access to the blood route via the:

The bladder is _______ to the cervix and ______ to the pubic symphysis.

The bladder is ________ to the seminal vesicles and ________ to the ovaries.

The ureters enter the kidneys at the:

A carcinogen linked to bladder and renal cell ca that is found in radiation therapy departments is: