Antimicrobials

Inhibitor of murein polymer synthesis

Blocks Transglycosidase

Active against MRSA

First Choice for treating skin and soft tissue infections

Effective for treating pseudomembraneous colitis

Mutation at the D-Ala-D-Ala binding site leads to resistance against this drug

Natural penicillin

Treat infections caused by spirochetes (Treponema pallidum)

Used to treat syphilis

Most staphylococci and gonococci and some strains of pneumococci are now resistant to this drug

Treat penicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci that elaborate penicillinase (B-lactamase)

They are not effective against MRSA

Combined with a B-lactamase inhibitor

Active against Listeria monocytogenes and is used to treat meningitis

Can be combined with an aminoglycoside for the treatment of serious enterococall infections, such as enterococcal endocarditis

Combined with a B-lactamase inhibitor

This drug specifically is used for prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in persons with heart valve defects.

Used to treat some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

This drug can be combined with a B-lactamase inhibitor for the treatment of patients with intra-abdominal, skin and soft tissue, lower respiratory tract, complicated urinary tract, and gynecologic infections as well as febrile neutropenia

Enter CNS and are agents used in the treatment of meningitis

Used as a single-dose treatment for gonorrhea

Advanced generation of Cephalosporin

Effective against MRSA
High affinity to PBPa2, a MRSA-specific PBP that has low affinity for other beta-lactam
drugs

Used for treating skin and soft tissue infection and community-acquired pneumonia

It is active against many aerobic G- bacteria
It lacks activity against G+ organism and anaerobes

Rarely shows cross-sensitivity with penicillins and cephalosporins and can usually be used in person allergic to other B-lactam antibiotics

Used to treat a wide range of systemic infections, including endocarditis, pneumonia, urinary tract, pelvic, skin and soft tissue, and intra-abdominal infections

B-lactam drugs that inhibit molecular class A B-lactamases

These drugs have no antimicrobial activity by themselves but serve as surrogate substrates for B-lactamases when given with a penicillin antibiotic

Drugs used in the inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis

Drugs used in the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis

Drugs used to inhibit nucleic synthesis

Drugs that inhibit folic acid synthesis

Penicillin used to treat Listeria monocytogenes

Penicillin used to treat Borrelia burgdorferi

Penicillin used to treat H. pylori

Cephalosporins act very similar to Penicillins but they do not cover which organisms?

What is given with cilastatin, a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor?

Which Aminoglycoside is used to treat tubercolosis?

Which antibacterial agents should not be used during pregnancy?

What folic acid inhibitor is generally used to treat urinary tract infections?

Antibacterial agent that is a direct inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis?

What are the primary anti-tubercular drugs?

Inhibitors of polymer synthesis

Penicillins

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

Cephalosporins

Monobactam

Carbapenems

Antibacterials that are highly ionized and poorly absorbed

Poor penetration of the meninges

Must be administered parenterally for the treatment of systemic infections

Most commonly used antibacterial agent used in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections?

Aminoglycoside used to treat tuberculosis

Most active aminoglycoside against strains of P. aeruginosa

Antibacterial agent used in ointments and creams to prevent infections after minor skin trauma

Adverse effect of aminoglycosides?

Class of antibacterials taht bind divalent and trivalent cations

These drugs do not work as effectively when taken with food?

Drugs of choice to treat Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

Broad-spectrum of drugs that inhibit the growth of many gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, rickettsia, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, and chlamydiae

Tetracylines used to treat skin and soft tissue infections caused by MRSA

Tetracycline used for treating syphilis and malaria

Adverse effects of Tetracyclines?

Tetracycline that can be used with patients with renal insufficiency?

The prototype of macrolides

Semisynthentic macrolides

Class of antibacterials active against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that cause upper respiratory tract infections and pneumonia

Most active macrolide against H.pylori

Adverse effects of macrolides

Active against gram-positive cocci and anaerobic organism such as Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium perfringens

Effective against MRSA

Used for prophylaxis of bacterial endocardiits if allergic to penicillins

Side effect of Clindamycin?

Prevents formation of the 70s initiation complex

Cross-resistance with other class of antibiotics is unlikely

Linezolid is indicated for what?

30s Protein Inhibitors

50s Protein Synthesis inhibitors

Most common compounds for treating human infections include?

What is Sulfamethoxazole administer with to prevent urinary tract infections?

Adverse effect of sulfonamides?

The drug of choice to treat for pulmonary infections caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci?

Quinolone indicated for urinary tract infections?

Most frequently used fluorquinolones used in the USA?

Drug class used to treat bacterial diarrhea and is effective in treating traveler's diarrhea?

Used to treat anthrax?

Adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?

Inhibits the cell membrane of bacteria

Active against some strains of MRSA and VRE

Approved for treatment of MRSA skin and skin-structure infections that are a complication of surgery, diabetic foot ulcers, and burns

Adverse effect of Daptomycin?

Antifolate drugs

Quinolones

Tuberculosis drug that is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase, an enzyme encoded by the katG gene

Drug inhibits fatty acid synthetase 2 (FAS2)

Drug used to treat latent tuberculosis

It is also given to prevent TB in neonates and children who have had close contact with persons in who active TB was recently diagnosed

Penetrates inflamed meninges and can be used in the treatment of tubercular meningitis?

Tuberculosis drug used to prevent meningococcal disease in individuals who have had close contact with Neisseria meningitidis

Tuberculosis drug that inhibits arabinosyltransferase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of arabinogalactan

Adverse effects of ethambutol

Most toxic anti-fungal

It is effective against a wide range of fungi

In spite of its toxic potential, this drug is the choice for the treatment of life-threatening systemic mycoses

Antifungal for the treatment of Candida species?

Used to treat fungal blepharitis

Triazole used to treat fungal meningitis?

What class of drugs inhibit CYP3A4 which leads to drug interactions.

Used in many systemic fungal infections especially meningitis.

This anti-fungal drug is combined with Amphotericin B because drug resistance develops rapidly when it is administered alone

How do the Polyenes, an antifungal agent work?

Anti-viral used against HSV and VZV

A guanosine analog that lacks a true sugar moiety, is monophosphorylated in the cell by the herpes virus, encoded enzyme, thymidine kinase

Causes premature DNA-chain termination

The prototypic antiherpetic therapeutic agent

In the IV form it is the most effective treatment for serious herpesvirus infections, including herpetic encephalitis and severe HSV and VZV infections in immunocompromised patients.

The prodrug form of acyclovir

Anti-viral used against CMV diseases, including retinitis, esophagitis and colitis

Pro-drug form of ganciclovir

What types of Anti-HIV drugs have been approved?

What type of drugs are the foundation of chemotherapy for HIV infection?

Directly inhibit reverse transcriptase

They do not require metabolic activation and they are not incorporated into viral DNA

Antiviral that inhibits the metabolism of other PIs and is often combined with other PIs to increase their plasma levels and duration which is also known as boosted therapy

P450 enzymes (CYP3A4) are inhibited by what anti-HIV drugs?

The attachment and fusion inhibitors

They are approved for treatment of HIV infection caused by drug-resistant strains

Binds to HIV glycoprotein 41 and blocks the fusion process of HIV-1

Antagonist of chemokine co-receptor 5 (CCR5).

Binds to CCR5 and prevents interaction with HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 that is necessary for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 to enter cells

First integrase inhibitor

Approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult patients who have HIV-1 strains that are resistant to multiple anti-retroviral agents and who show evidence of increased viral replication

Drug of choice to treat Hepatitis B

How does Interferon work?

Adverse effect of Interferon

Hepatitis B drugs

In combination with Interferon-alpha-2b it is effective in chronic hepatitis C

What compound is ribavirin converted which blocks RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?

Newly approved hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitors

These drugs cannot be used alone

These drugs are combined with interferon and ribvirin

Indicated, in combination with peginterferon alfa  and ribavirin, for the treatment of genotype chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in adult patients with compensated
liver disease, including cirrhosis, who are treatment-naïve or who have been previously treated with interferon-based treatment, including prior null responders, partial responders, and relapsers.

Tricyclic amine compounds that block M2 proton-selective ion channel and prevent acidification of influenza type A virus and the fusion of viral membranes and endosomes required for uncoating and transfer of viral nucleic acid into the host cell cytoplasm

They are not currently recommended for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza in the United States

Inhibit the enzyme neuraminidase in influenza A and B viruses

These drugs block the release of the influenza drug from the cell

Are active against essentially all strains of influenza A and B viruses, and they are active against most current strains including influenza A 2009 H1N1, 2009 H3N2, and the H5N1 avian influenza strain

Drugs for Herpesvirus infections

Drugs for treating hepatitis C

Drugs for influenza

Antiparasitic active against several anaerobic protozoa

Drug of choice for amebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomniasis

Anti-malaria drug that block exoerythrocytic schizogony

Treatment of choice for the prevention of all types of malaria

It must be used with primaquine to eradicate Vivax or Ovale Malaria

Anti-malarial drugs that interfere with heme polymerization

Anti-malarial drug used to prevent the treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria

Used to treat falciparum malaria