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The flashcards below were created by user
DesLee26
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Diatom strucutre?
Mobility?
Why it has its color?
may be unicellular (majority) or colonial, or loosely aggregated into irregulat filaments
all adults non-motile; some sperm motile (1 flagellum)
Predominance of carotenoids, especially fucoxanthin giving the cells a golden-brown color
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Cells are?
diploid so they have a haplobiontic diploid type of life cycle
on the basis of symmetry, cells have two basic shapes (or variations of these shapes): pennate (bilateral symmetry) and centric (radial symmetry; circular, triangular, square)
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Cell wall composed of __, like a __, made of __. Walls have extensive delicate mrkings, such as __(3)__ that are used to identify species. 2 valves= __
- two overlapping halves (valves)
- box
- silica (glas)
- pores
- ridges
- depressions
- one frustule
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Reprduction
- usually by cell division (mitosis)
- each daughter cell receives one valve from the parent cell and has to make a second valve; parent valve always forms the top valve
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Abundance where?
Resemble __
Alot are __ or __.
__: dots= holes in the cell wall.
How may different shapes?
Used to test?
in fresh/marine water and at the base of the food chains
brown scum
attached/free-floating
- holsters
- many different shapes
microscopic lenses
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Advantage of having a cells that make cell wall out of silica?
Things will get stuck to silica like what?
- hard to break down
- energy inexpensive-->not as much energy
- required--> more energy for reproduction
nutrients; giving cells advantage in absorbing nutrients
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Diatom adults?
no flagella
gametes have flagella (reproductive)
a few look like pennate
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What kind of chlorophylls do diatoms have?
chlorophylls a and c
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Pennate diatoms fit together like __.
The cell wall is made of __.
a petri dish
glass (silica)
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Mitosis is triggered by __. The parent cell does what?
a need for reproduction
separates and becomes the top part for each daughter cell
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Only __ have flagella. Population of cells that aren't __.
Throughout reproduction, what happens regardign size?
The most common way they reproduce is by __.
haploid cells (gametes); motile
the average size keeps getting smaller, eventually triggering a need for reproduction (sexual)
mitosis
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The result of asex reproduction by cell division in the diatoms, by which what?
one of the two daughter cells is ordinarily slightly smaller than the parent cell
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Diatoms are source of some __. Up to __ of a diatoms mass is __. If diatoms are eaten by ish, what happens?
Diatoms also contribute to __.
- fish liver oils
- forty percent
- oil
- their oils may be storedin the livers of the fish (ex: cod liver oil)
oil reserves
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It is possible that vast deposits of diatoms in the past produced some of the __ we're using now.
A few species cause __.
- Occurrence: First reported outbreak was in __, __, __ from eating locally cultured blue mussels; 4 dead adn 153 reported symptoms.
petroleum
- amnesic shellfish poisoning
- 1987
- Prince Edward Island, Canada
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What are shellfish? What happens when they eat the diatoms?
filter feeders
it gets stuck in the gills; possible wound forms infection
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Amnesic shelfish poisoning has occurred from Alaska to southern California and in New England. May and June, 1998: death fo > __ from eating anchoivies that had fed on __.
__ are responsible: Species of the genera __ and __.
- 400 sea lions
- Pseudo-nitzchia
- Nitzschia
- Pseudo-nitzschia
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Toxin: A heat-stable neurotoxin called __; there is __.
domoic acid; antidote
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Source for humans that may cause amnesic shellfish poisoning
seafood, like mussels, clams, crabs and anchovies that feed on diatoms; the toxin does not harm them
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Symptoms
Within 24 hours: nausea, vomiting, diarrhe, abdominal cramps
Neorological symptoms that appear over 48 hours: headache, dizziness, confusion, difficulty breathing, loss of short-term memory, seizures, disorientation, dementia, coma
What can result?
death
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__ has caused problems in the __ of salmon and cod on the west coast. The cells have long hollow spines that break off and penetrate fish gills, doing what?
Damage may lead to __.
- chaetoceros
- aquaculture
- disrupting gas exchange and causing bleeding
- secondary bacterial infections
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What does diatomaceous earth consists of?
diatoms shels (glass cell walls) remaining after the protoplasm dies; deposits have built up over millions of years
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Deposits of marine origin (shallow seas): where?
Lompac, CA--largest deposit in the world; bed > 650' feet
Santa Maria oil fields
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Deposits of freshwater origins
Smaller in size than marine deposits; United Kingdom, Maryland, Nevada, Washington, Oregon
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Uses of diatomaceous earth relate to four of its characteristics:
1) exceptionally high melting point (1750 degree Celsius)
2) insolubility in most acids and other liquids (i.e. inert)
3) high porosity (spaces between cells/ materials)
4) shells very small and hard
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Main types of uses
- filtration
- mineral filler
- paint
- mild abrasive
- insulation
- insecticide
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Filtration (small inert parciles, high porosity).
This is the __.
Types of filters
major use
- swimming pools
- sugar refining (thick syrup filterred)
- vegetable oils: removal of pigments
- water and bottled drinks
- liquid soaps
- gelatin
- liquor, beer, etc
- antibiotics
- municipal water supplies
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Mineral filler:
what uses?
- dynamite
- spackle
- lightweight concrete
- insecticides
- embalming fluid
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Paint
Diatom shells create a __; gives paint a __
- flattening effect
- a flat or semigloss appearance
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Mild abrasive (small, hard inert particles_
- metal polishes
- toothpastes
- some shoe polishes
- some cleaners
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Insulation (high MP, high porosity to trap air)
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Insecticide
- environmentally okay
- doesnt' affect larger animals
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