Biology 275: Enzyme Classes

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Hydrolase

enzymes that catalyze a hydrolytic cleavage reaction
Nuclease

Breaks down nucleic acids by hydrolyzing bonds between nucleotides
Protease

Breaks down proteins by hydrolyzing peptide bonds between amino acids
Ligase
- Joins two molecules together
- DNA ligase joins two DNA strands together end-to-end
Isomerase

Catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule
Polymerase

Catalyzes polymerization reactions such as the synthesis of DNA and RNA
Kinase
- Catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to molecules
- Protein kinases are an important groups of kinases that attach phosphate groups to proteins
Phosphatase

Catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
Oxido-reductase
- General name for the enzymes that catalyze reactions in which one molecule is oxidized while the other is reduced
- Enzymes of this type are often called oxidases, reductases, or dehydrogenases
ATPase
- Hydrolyzes ATP
- Many protains have an energy-harnessing ATPase activity as part of their function, including motore proteins such as myosin and membrane transport proteins such as the sodium pump