Clinical Pharm Mid Term

 

The _____________ test is used to test whether potential
drugs are likely to cause cancer.

Human trials of a new drug on small numbers of sick humans to determine how well it works and to  look for adverse effects are phase ____
trials.

A drug which increases the risk of birth defects is called a
_____________________.

This drug caused a flipper like birth defect

It causes p_________________________, the medical name for a
condition in which

 

babies are born with ____________________________.  This drug was being widely

 

used in __________________, but had not been approved in the
US. More recently this

 

drug has found use in the treatment of the skin
disease:____________________.

Accutane is an example of a drug which has a high risk of
causing birth defects and is rated ______.

______________ is a common OTC drug which can
cause closure of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus.

A drug such as _________________ which is regarded as completely
safe for pregnant women  is rated  A on the risk schedule.

Phase 2 drug metabolism covalently adds a molecule with multiple OH groups called______ onto drug molecules.

___________ is a drug which reduces urination urges by acting as an ________ of the ______ receptors.

The specific type of adrenergic receptors found in the peripheral blood vessels:__________.

Post-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic system release neurotransmitter which binds to cholinergic or ____________ receptors.

Can catecholamines be taken orally.

When a drug is metabolized virtually completely upon passing through the liver, it is called the _________ effect.

A drug for treatment of anaphylactic shock:________.

The decongestant that is "behind the counter" in most states is ________.

____________is an OTC that is no better than a placebo.

________ was an OTC dietary supplement "stimulant" also used in traditional Chinese medicine ma haung.

Meth abusers often suffer from attack of formication which means______________.

_______ and _________ are popular drugs at raves.

Cathinone and methcathinoneare active ingredients in ______ a herb that grows in the Arabian peninsula.

Organic chemists now synthesize similar pure compounds and market them as ________'

The major drugs used for ADHD are __________ (generic/trade) and __________ (generic/trade).

Methylphenidate and amphetamines are both_________ drugs.

A drug used for treating sleep shift disorder and off-label for ADHD and "cognitive enhancement:"  _________.

The most common fast acting drug for treating asthma, ___________, acts as an ________ of the ___________ receptor.

A few people using this drug experience tachycardia because it also effects their_________ receptor.

This drug is most commonly administered with a ________ _______ ________.

Phase 2 drug metabolism covalently adds a molecule with multiple OH groups called __________ onto drug molecules.

The general term for a drug that is actually activated (rather than inactivated) is a ___________.

One specific example of this is ____________.

A drug with a therapeutic index (TI) of 50 is ________.

A pain medication commonly given transdermally  _____________.

A drug for depression with a half life of approximately 1 week is, ___________.

Babies frequently need a lower drug dosage even after correcting for weight because  they do not have fully developed function of the _____ (organ).

A high potency drug ______ always more effacious than a low potency drug.

Continued administration of a drug resulting in fewer receptors is an example of ___________.

Continued administration of a drug resulting in increased metabolic enzymes to inactivate the drug is known as _________ tolerance.

Another term for the increase of metabolic enzymes is enzyme_______.

An increase in metabolic enzymes results in  a ________ in drug efficacy.

A common fruit_____________, contains molecules which inhibit the metabolic isozyme _________.

Two drugs together resulting in more than a simple addictive effect is called a __________ effect.

The serum protein which binds and transports lipophilic molecules in the blood is called ________.

The type of receptor found at the sympathetic ganglia between  pre- and post-ganglionic neurons:____________.

The neurotransmitter released by the pre-ganglionic neuron of the sympathetic system:__________.

The neurotransmitter released by the post-ganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic system is, _____________, and binds to __________ receptors in the affected organs.

Acetylcholine is inactivated by_______________.

The primary neurotransmitter released by the adrenal medulla is______________.

Epinephrine is inactivated by the enzyme__________ found in high concentrations in the _______(organ).

the neurotransmitter whose action is stopped primarily by re-uptake by post-ganglionic neurons is ________________.

A drug used to promote urination after abdominal surgery is_______________.

Sarin, a military nerve gas, works by inhibiting the enzyme ______________.

Sarin gas is quickly lethal to humans by inhibiting the action of the ________(organs).

An anticholinergic effect on the pupils is _______.

An anticholinergic effect on the mouth is _______.

This drug is used pre-operatively to reduce salivation and gi motility.

Atropine is also used in ambulance to cause _______________.

Atropine used to be used to cause ________ in women but is no longer used due to its___________.

This drug reduces the urge to urinate by acting as an ____________ of the ___________ receptors.

The most common side effect of Oxybutynin(Ditropan), and Tolterodine (Detrol) is ___________.

The specific type of adrenergic receptor of the heart is _______.

The specific type of adrenergic receptor found in the lungs is _______.

the specific type of adrenergic receptor found in the peripheral blood vessels is ________.

The general term for an adrenergic drug that can not be given orally is ___________.

The Ames test is used to test whether potential drugs are __________.

Phase ____ human trials of a new drug on healthy humans to determine any adverse effects and how quickly it is eliminated from the body.

A drug which increases the risk of birth defects is called ____________.

The drug ____________, was used in the 1950's in Europe for the treatment of morning sickness but resulted in the birth defect __________.

Thalidomide is not used in the treatment of _______ and ________.

An x-rated drug, ___________, is still widely used for the treatment of __________.

______ was widely used to prevent miscarriages in the 50's and 60's, but was discovered to cause health problems in ______.

use of ibuprofen in pregnant women is not recommended because of increased risk of ______________.

The scale of drug addictive potential runs from __ to __.

ac

pc

bid

tid

qid

qd

hs

PRN

PO

NPO

SC

IM

OTC

What was Viagra (sildenafil) originally intended for?

The generic name for Tylenol is ___________.

Are amines soluble in water?

If you add acid to an amine group what happens to it?

If you change an amine into an ammonium ion does it become more soluble in water?

As acid is added to an amine the pH goes ____, and the ratio of polar/ionic form of the N group _______.

If swisherol has a pKa of 9, it will exist primarily as the __________, form in arterial blood.

If hysterical has a pKa of 4 it will exist primarily in the _________ in arterial blood.

Drugs will have a maximum efficacy if their pKa is close to _____.

An enzyme family that commonly adds OH groups to drug molecules is called ________.

Specific numbers of this enzyme family are known as _______ or _______.

Name the board that is supposed to ensure the safety of humans in the drug tests.

When a researcher does not do his/her own experimental trials, but redoes the analysis from this trials it is called ___________.

Medical expenses contribute to approx. _____ of personal bankruptcies in the US.

A long acting bronchodilator ___________ is most frequently combined with the steroid ___________ as the product __________.

Advair is administered with a  ______ _____ _____.

What is the adrenergic drug used to stop premature birth.

The alpha 1 antagonist  ____________ or ___________, is most commonly used for treatment of __________ ___________ ________.

If medication does not work for BPH what other option do men have?

___________ is an antagonist to both alpha and beta receptors.

Two specific beta 1 blockers, _________ and _______ are commonly used for treatment of ____________.

This CNS active adrenergic antagonist is also available in a patch and can be used for hypertension and withdrawal symptoms.

This neuromuscular blocker acts quickly and has a low incidence of vomiting.

Succinylcholine has a mild adverse effect of ______. A more dangerous side effect is ____________ ___________.

This neuromuscular blocking agent is put on the arrows of Amazon Indians.

This partial agonist is used to aid in smoking cessation.

This seed contains an analog of nicotine and is commonly used as "chew" in Indonesia and other parts of Southeast Asia.

Montelukast (Singulair) is used for the treatment of ____________ and acts by inhibiting the formation of inflammatory molecules called ____________.

Teratogen Rating:

Category A

Teratogen Rating:

Category B

Teratogen Rating:

Category C

Teratogen Rating:

Category D

Teratogen Rating:

Category X

Drug Abuse potential:

Control I (Schedule I)

Drug Abuse Potential:

Control II (Schedule II)

Drug Abuse Potential:

Control III (Schedule III)

Drug Abuse Potential:

Control IV (Schedule IV)

Drug Abuse Potential:

Control V (Schedule V)

Which has a longer shelf life polar group or ionic group

Which form of drug works better in a patch
Amine or Ammonium Ion.

What blood thinning drug is transported on _________ ________ protein.

Metabolism of drugs is done in 2 phases name each phase and the enzyme that is responsible for it.

How do Cytochrome P-450, and Glucuronic Acid make drugs easier to metabolize?

Define Therapeutic Index.

Bioavailability is a catch all term for how much of the orally administered drug is __________.

If the drug activates the receptors it is known as an _________.

If the drug inactivates or blocks a receptor it is known as ____________.

If the drug partially activates a drug it is a ______ _______.

If the drug partially inactivates the drug it is a _____________ ____________.

Drug Efficacy is _____ _____ a drug is.

When two drugs are taken together and they increase the efficacy of the effects by the sum of their total is known as _______ effect.

When two drugs are taken together and their efficacy is greater than their sum it is known as _________ effect.

When the liver is stimulated to produce more metabolizing enzymes the result is faster deactivation of the drug and a lower efficacy, this is known as,__________ __________.

NE is eventually inactivated in the afferent neuron by two enzymes: ______ ______ (   ) and ________ _______ ______ (    ).

Receptors activated by epinephrine (adrenaline) are known as ________ receptors.

Receptors that are activated by acetylcholine are known as __________.

Epinephrine is inactivated by ______ ______.

What are the parasympathetic effects on
eye,
heart
lungs
bladder
Gi tract
genitals

What systems does the sympathetic system affect and their receptors and effect?

Bethanecol

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Atropine

Tropicamide (Myodriacyl)

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

Combivent

Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva)

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

Phenylephrine (Sudafed-PE)

Ephedrine

Amphetamine(Benzedrine)
(methylamphetamine)

Meth abuser's suffer from an oral condition referred to as ______ ______.

Meth abusers often hallucinate about bugs crawling on them this is known as ____________.

This drug is known as the mellow drug of America.

This drug is knows as ecstasy or molley.

Quat

Bath Salts

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Dexmethylphenedate (Focalin)

Amphetamine (Adderall)

Modafinil (Provigil)

Beta 2 agonist cause

MDI or DPI

Inhalers used to use _____________ they now are using _____________.

Albuterol or Salmeterol

Salmeterol

Terbutaline

Doxa' zosin (Cardura)

Tamsu' losin (Flomax)

Define BPH

Define TURP

Carvedilol

Propranolol

Metoprolol

Atenolol

Clonidine

Tubocurarine

L-Dopa/carbidopa

DOPA decarboxylase

Parkinsons Disease Meds

Selegiline (Eldepryl, Deprenyl)

Topiramate (Topomax)

Carbama'zepine (Tegretol)

Oxcarbazepine

Phenobarbital

Valproic Acid (Depakane)

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

Benzodiazepines for seizures

Lorazepam(Ativan)
Diazepam(Valium)

Benzodiazepines for seizures
Clonazepam (klonopin)

Benzodiazepines for seizures

Gabapentin (Neurotin)

Benzodiazepines for seizures

Pregabalin(Lyrica)

Alternative TX for Seizures