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Explain the physiological actions of medications used to treat asthma
- Open airways, facilitate breathing
- Decrease/ prevent exposure to allergens and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR)
- Decrease/ prevent airway remodeling
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What is the MOA for Short Acting Beta-2 agonists?
- Binds to and stimulates B-2 receptors in bronchiolar smooth muscle
- Blocks bronchoconstriction caused by histamine, methacholine, and exercise
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What is the MOA for Long Acting Beta-2 agonists?
- Binds to and stimulates B-2 receptors in bronchiolar smooth muscle
- Blocks bronchoconstriction caused by histamine, methacholine, and exercise
- Long acting due to binding properties
- Lipid soluble (albuterol is more water soluble) - allows better partitioning into cell membrane which allows it to stay in the lung tissue longer and produce longer effects
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What is the MOA for Anticholinergics?
- Acetylcholine stimulation of muscarinic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle produces bronchoconstriction and mucous secretion
- Anticholinergics block this action, maintaining bronchomotor tone
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What is the MOA for Corticosteroids?
- Block the allergic response to allergens by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators from cells
- Histamine, Leukotrienes, Cytokines, Prostaglandins, Bradykinin
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What is the MOA for Leukotriene modifiers?
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What is the MOA for Methylxanthines?
Theophylline is a non-selective inhibitor of phsophodiesterase which increases cAMP and cGMP
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What are the adverse effects for respiratory drugs?
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