Cellular Structure and Function

1.Plasma Membrane: The cells flexible outer surface; isolates cellular content, controls movement in and out of the cell.

2.Cytoplasm: Contains everything between the plasma membrane and nucleus, mainly the organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi complex, etc.)

3.Nucleus: Contains cells genetic material which controls the cellular activities; contains nucleolus which contains specific genetic material utilized for ribosome synthesis.

• The plasma membrane is a barrier that consists mainly of lipids and proteins (50/50). -The lipds isolate the cell, the proteins function in transport, communication, control.
• The membrane is "selectively permeable" (permitted:small, lipid soluble molecules. non-permitted:polar, inorganic molecules).
• There are channels accross the membrane (regulated and non-regulated) that allow the movement of active and passive substances down the channel.

• The movement of materials across a membrane that doesn't require cellular energy. All of the characteristics involve moving from higher to lower concentration.
• Characteristics that affect the transport are the size/number of transport, lipid solubility, number of carriers present.
• Simple Diffusion: movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• Osmosis: net diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area with a lower one.
• Facilitated Diffusion: a carrier protein is utilized, same process as simple diffusion.
• Filtration: water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid pressure, moves from higher to lower concentration.

• Movement of materials across a membrane that does require additional cellular energy (usually in the form of ATP).
• Vesicular (Bulk) Transport: Movement of larger amounts of materials using a vesicle and cytoplasmic filamentous network and chemical energy; allows movement for large polar molecules and cellular contents in and out of a cell. 
• Endocytosis: substance may enter a cell.
• Exocytosis: substance may exit a cell.

• Consists of nuclear envelope with pores, nucleoli, and chromatin (chromosomes).
• Contains cellular genetic material which controls the cells activities.
• Contains specific genetic material utilized for ribosome synthesis.

• Between the plasma membrane and nucleus which holds all of the contents, such as the organelles.
• Cytosol is the liquid portion, and the organelles are within the cytosol.

Complex internal structure of the cytoplasm consisting of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.

• Inside the cytoskeleton.
• Plays a role in the function of cellular movement.

• Inside the cytoskeleton.
• Holds the cells shape.
• Coordination in complex cellular movements.

• "Powerhouse" of the cell.
• Site of the most ATP production.

Membrane-bound sacs containing powerful hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion of enzymes.

• Packaging materials in association with secretion.
• Sorting and directing of the final cellular products to specific destinations.
• Synthesis of lipoproteins and glycoproteins.

• Transport and communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
• Acts as a storage site and allows compartementalization of cells.
• Rough ER: Proteins synthesis.
• Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis.

• Similar to lysosomes.
• Contains oxidative enzymes used in detoxification of various materials.

• Part of the cytoskeleton.
• Important in cell division (mitosis and meiosis).

• Part of the cytoskeleton.
• Moves materials over the surface of the cell.

• Part of the cytoskeleton.
• Moves the entire cell.