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What is the study of body structures and the relation of one part to another?
Anatomy
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What is the study of how the body works and how the various parts function individually and in relation to each other?
Physiology
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What divides the body into right and left halves on its vertical axis?
Sagittal plane
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What are drawn perpendicular to the sagittal lines and divide the body into anterior (front) and posterior (rear) sections?
Frontal Planes
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This line passes through the coronal suture of the cranium; frontal planes are also called what?
coronal planes
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What is drawn at right angles to both sagittal and frontal planes, divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections?
Horizontal or Transverse plane
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What is Anterior or Ventral?
Toward the front
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What is Posterior or Dorsal?
Toward the Back
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What is Medial?
Near or toward the mid-sagittal plane of the body
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What is Lateral?
Away from the mid-sagittal plane of the body
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What is Proximal?
Nearest to the point of origin or towards the trunk
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What is distal?
Away from the point of origin or away from the trunk
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What is Superior?
Toward the top of the body or above
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What is Caudal?
Toward the lower end of the body
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What is inferior?
Toward the bottom of the body or below
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What is Supine?
Lying position of the body, face up
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What is prone?
Lying position of the body, face down
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What is Lateral recumbent?
Lying position of the body, on either side
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What is peripheral?
The outward part or surface of a structure
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What involves the physical and chemical breakdown of food into its simplest forms?
Digestion
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What is the process of absorption, storage, and use of these foods for body growth, maintenance, and repair?
Metabolism
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What is the body's self-regulated control of its internal environment?
Homeostasis
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What is the smallest and most numerous structural unit that possesses and exhibits the basic characteristics of living matter?
cell
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The simplest living organism consists of (What)?
A single cell
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Every human cell contains (How many) chromosomes?
46
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The lining tissue of the body is called (What)? It forms the outer covering of the body known as the free surface of the skin.
Epithelial Tissue
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What are the three categories of epithelial tissue?
- 1. Columnar
- 2. Squamous
- 3. Cuboidal
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What epithelial cells are elongated, longer than they are wide, single layer of cells, and located in the digestive system / passages of the respiratory system?
Columnar Epithelial Tissue
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What is composed of thin plate-like or scale-like cells forming a mosaic pattern; Found in the tympanic membrane (eardrum) as a single layer of cells, or in the free skin surface in multiple layers.
(Hint: Main Protective tissue of the body)
Squamous Epithelial Tissue
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What is cubical in shape, and are found in more highly specialized organs of the body (ovary and kidney)?
(Hint: secretion and absorption of fluids)
Cuboidal epithelial tissue
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What tissue is supporting tissue and highly vascular?
Connective Tissue
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What are the three predominant types of connective tissue?
- 1. Areolar
- 2. Adipose
- 3. Osseous
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What tissue consist of a meshwork of thin fibers that interlace in all direction, giving the tissue both elasticity and tensile strength; found between muscles and as an outside covering for blood vessels and nerves.
( Hint: Connects the blood vessels and bind parts of the body together)
Areolar Connective Tissue
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What acts as a reservoir for energy-producing foods; helps to reduce body heat loss and serves as support for various organs and fragile structures, such as the kidneys, blood vessels, and nerves.
(Hint: Fatty tissue and Star-shaped)
Adipose Connective Tissue
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What is known as "Bone tissue"; dense fibrous connective tissue that forms tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and bones?
Osseous Connective Tissue
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What muscle is under the control of the individual's will?
(Striated or striped)
Skeletal (voluntary) Muscle
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What muscle is not under the control of the individual's will?
(Non-Striated)
Smooth Muscle Tissue
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What muscle are striated and are joined end to end, resulting in a complex network of interlocking cells?
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
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What is the most complex tissue and requires more oxygen and nutrients than any other body tissue?
Nerve Tissue
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What protects the underlying structures from injury, plays an important part in regulating body temperature and prevents excessive water loss?
Skin
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What is the outer layer of the skin?
Epidermis
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What lies below the epidermis and gradually blends into the deeper tissues?
(Hint: True skin)
Dermis
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There are how many bones in the body?
206
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What is the study of the structure of bone?
Osteology
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Bone consists of a hard outer shell called what?
Compact bone
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What is the inner spongy, porous portion of the bone called?
Cancellous tissue
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The center of the bone is called what? And what does it contain?
Medullary canal; Marrow
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