Biology Exam 1 Review

• genetic variation
• over-production of offspring
• struggle for existence
• differential survival and reproduction

• There must be genetic variation within the population for NS to operate, for example, hummingbirds have different lengths of their
• bills

• Too many off-spring are produced for the
• environment to support

the environment can only support so many individuals, environment can change – flowers can become deeper, so longer billed hummingbirds will be better able to feed from them than shorter billed birds

• only some in the population will survive, and
• therefore reproduce, and therefore pass on their traits……..if longer billed birds can feed better, they will survive better than short billed birds, and therefore reproduce, the genes for long bills will be passed on and eventually,the population as a whole will evolve to one having longer bills than was seen before

no nucleus

Cocci

Chemo- Heterotrophs

Fission

Flagella

Round

Spiral shapped

Rod shapped

Cell Wall- Protection from outside harm and maintain shape

Ribosomes- The site of protein synthesis 

Pili- used for sexual reproduction

Cytoplasm- jelly region where many metabolic reactions occur

Flagellum- used for movement

Plasma Membrane- controls material coming in and out of the cell 

Plasmid- small circle of DNA

Nucleoid Region-  where DNA is located

• Photo autotroph- use light
• chemo autotroph- use chemicals
• photoheterotroph- use light & eats other things
• chemoheterotrophs- chemical & eats other things *most baterica*

• Nucleic acid core & protein coat
• Non cellular
• can not replicate on their own

• DNA- Para viruses disease is Roseola
• RNA- HIV

• 1. attachment
• 2. penetration
• 3. synthesis (generate new genome and proteins)
• 4. assembly
• 5. release

• Lytic pathways burst
• Lysogenic pathways- intergrate the viral DNA into the host chromosomes & latent - waits until triggered then will be shown (cold sores)

the single DNA molecule replicates and the original cell is divided into two identical cells.

cyanobacteria

Aquificales

Proteobacteria

Gram Positives

Spirochetes

Methanogens

Extreme Halophiles

Extreme thermophiles

Exterme thermophile

Methanogen

RNA

integration of DNA and latent period

• non cellular,
• genetic material DNA or RNA,
• cannot reproduce on their own

DNA

• Heat lovers
• live in hot environments 
• autotrophs
• ex : aquafix

• Primary producers in the ocean
• nitrogen fixation
• ex: Anabaena

• Gains energy by stripping electrons 
• ex: Salmonella

• Chemoheterotroph 
• Stain Purple 
• ex Strep

• Gram negative
• Spiral shaped
• ex Syphillis & Lyme disease

• STD
• ex Chlamydia

• Methane producers
• found in marshes, cow guts, swamps
• Archaea 
• ex- Methanococus

• heat loving
• found in hot springs & volcanic vents
• ex- Thermaplasma

• Salt loving
• found in very salty water like the dead sea & great salt lake
• ex- Halobacterium

• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Protist
• Plante
• Fungi
• Anamalia

1.Are composed of cells

2.Reproduce using DNA

3.Grow and develop

4.Actively take in energy from their environment

5.Sense their environment and respond to it

6.Maintain constant internal conditions

7.Can evolve as groups