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a. Class Ulvophyceae, the Ulvophytes, Consists of Mainly Marine Species
i. Ulvophyeae
1. __, but important representatives are found in __
a. Most ulvophytes are __ or __, or they may be __ and __
i. Ulvophytes have a __ in which the __ persists; the __is persistent through __
- Marine
- fresh water
- filamentous or composed of flat sheets of cells
- macroscopic and multinucleate
- closed mitosis
- nuclear envelope
- spindle
- cytokinesis
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1. The flagellated cells of ulvophytes are __ and __, like those of Charophyceae, but in contrast to motile charophytes, ulvophytes are nearly c__ and have __ resembling those of the chlorophytes
2. The flagellated cells may have __ as do those of Chlorophyceae
The flagellated cells of charophyceae are always __
- scaly or naked,
- radially symmetrical
- apical, forward-directed flagella
- two, four, or many flagella
- biflagellate
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1. Ulvophytes are the only green algae that have an __ with __ or a __, dominant life history involving __
2. One line of Ulvophyceae consists of __with __ cells
- alternation of generations
- sporic meiosis
- diploid
- gametic meiosis
- filamentous algae
- large, multinucleate, septate
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a. One genera of this group, Cladophora, is widespread in both salt water and fresh water, sometimes forming nuisance __, slimy and stinky, in freshwater habitats
i. Its filaments commonly grow in __, which are either free-floating or attached to rocks and vegetation
ii. The filaments __ and __ near the ends
1. Each cell contains __ and a __ with many __
- blooms
- dense mats
- elongate
- many nuclei
- single, peripheral netlike chloroplast
- starch-forming pyrenoids
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i. Marine species have an __; most of the freshwater species however, do not have an __, apparently having lost this characteristic during the course of their __
- alternation of isomorphic generations
- alternation of generations
- transition from marine to fresh water
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1. A second kind of growth habit among the Ulvophyceae is that of __
a. This familiar alga is common along __ throughout the world
i. Individuals of Ulva consists of a __ that is two cells thick, and a meter or more long in exceptionally large individuals
- Ulva
- temperate seashores
- glistening, flat thallus
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1. The __is anchored to the substrate by a __ produced by extensions of the cells at its base
2. Each cell of the __contains a __ & __
a. Ulva is __, meaning one flagellated gamete is larger than the other; it has an __like that of many other Ulvophyceae
- thallus
- holdfast
- thallus
- single nucleus and chloroplast
- anisogamous
- alternation of isomorphic generations
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1. The __marine algae, so-called because of their __cells, constitute additional evolutionary lines in the Ulvophyceae
a. They are characterized by very __ cells that are rarely __
i. The multinucleate cytoplasm is arranged around a __
- siphonous
- tubular
- large, branched, coenocytic
- septate
- large central vacuole
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1. These algae, which are very diverse, develop through repeated __ without the formation of __, and consist of enormous single cells, some as long as a meter
2. Cell walls are produced only in the __. which are diploid with only gametes s haploid cells
a. Ex: codium
- nuclear division
- cell walls
- reproductive phases of the siphonous green algae,
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i. __is a spongy mass of densely intertwined __
1. Strains may be __, and nuisance growths of this seaweed spread in temperate zone
a. Caulerpa has become __
b. Ventricaria appears __, but is a large, __ attached to the substrate by several rhizoids
c. Another well known siphonous green algae is __
- Codium
- coenocytic filaments
- weedy
- invasive
- unicellular
- multinucleate vesicle
- Acetabularia
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i. Halimeda and related genera of siphonous green algae are notable for their __
1. When these algae die and disintegrate, they play a major role in the generation of the __that is so characteristic of tropical waters
a. A number of genera of algae, including Halimeda, contain __ that significantly reduce feeding by herbivorous fish
- calcified cell walls
- white carbonate sand
- secondary metabolites
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i. Fronds of Halieda expand and grow rapidly at night, building up __ that __, which are active mainly during the day
2. Within an hour after sunrise the fronds turn from white to green as chloroplasts move __ from the __, or lower portions, of the __and begin to photosynthesize rapidly
a. At night, the chloroplasts move to the __, rendering the algae less appetizing to herbivore
- toxic compounds that deter herbivores
- outward from the interior
- thallus
- interior of the thallus
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