W3-synapses, drugs, addiction

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  1. Most drugs work at the?
    synapses

    *except anesthetics that block Na+ channels, that stop action potentials to propegate- =membrane stabilizers
  2. most abused drugs come from? and either inhibit or____ transmission of NT
    a: plants    b: facilitate
  3. Drugs can stimulate or block ____ receptors?
    • a: post-synaptic
    • *can block or breakdown NT at the synapse
    • *can increase or decrease synthesis of NT
    • *can cause vesicles to leak
    • *can block reuptake of NT back into the presynaptic cell
  4. Nucleus accumbens- important for ?
    Many axons that input into this area release what?
    • a: receiving pleasure
    • b: dopamine or NE
  5. Nucleus accumbens is activated when?
    -sexual excitement, gambling, habitual video player, other drugs
  6. Wanting=
    motivation, may want a pHd but don't enjoy getting it
  7. liking =
    enjoying the experience, but don't always want it
  8. The bigger parts of the nucleus accumbens responds more to the?
    wanting/motivation
  9. addictive drugs activate nucleus accumbens by releasing what?
    DA or Ne on to it
  10. Stimulant drugs increase concentration of DA in the synapses in the NA
    Amphetamine & cocaine block protein therefore increasing the DA concentration
  11. Amphetatime has some similar effects on 5-HT and NE transport proteins and Methamphetamines have a ____ effect than Amphetamine
    stronger
  12. Stimulants make you feel depressed after use because?
    The DA is washed away and the brain can't make Dopamine fast enough so you end up with a deficit of DA in the Synaptic cleft
  13. What is the synaptic cleft?
    • This is the junction between two neurons. At the one end you have the
    • pre-synaptic membrane - the terminal end of the previous neuron, the
    • pre-synaptic neuron - and on the other side you have the post-synaptic
    • membrane, part of the post-synaptic neuron. Action potentials typically
    • cross the cleft by the use of neurotransmitters.
  14. Stimulants: high doses impair attention, learning, depression

    low doses = good for
    Rx of ADHD- enhances attention
  15. Methylphenidate(Ritalin) blocks what?
    reuptake of DA and NE

    -*injecting ritalin = same effect as cocaine
  16. Methamphetamine: Increases DA in Syn-cleft
    -medically approved low dosage for ADHD & obesity(desoxyn)
    • *high doses = mania, grandiosity, increased libido
    • *increases Parkinsons Dz, cognitive deficits, impairs attention/memory.  20% experience psychosis like schizophrenia -difficult to treat
    • -*LONT-TERM = depression, suicide, heart, "meth mouth"
  17. Nicotin-
    • stimulates Ach receptors = Ach receptor agonist
    • *releases DA and NE in nucleus accumbens
    • *used as an insectiside
  18. OPIATES =
    morphine, heroin, methadone
  19. OPIATES - brain produces its own version called__? 

    Effects are?
    a: endorphins

    B: relaxation, pain relief, decreased anxiety
  20. Opiates ___  activate DA release. Endorphins ____ neurons that release ___?
    a: inderectly  b: inhibit  c: GABA

    *GABA- inhibits firing neurons that release DA, so by inhbiting the inhibitor GABA the effect increases DA release
  21. Marijuana contains? and affects are?
    Cannabinoids/THC

    • *good for appetite, pain, & nausea
    • -But impairs memory & cognition- betters with 4 weeks after stopping use
  22. Marijuana- has very few Cannabinoid receptors in the Medula so it doesn't have much of an effect on____?
    heart rate, or breathing like opiate receptors
  23. Marijuana receptors are located in the ___ neuron?
    Presynaptic
  24. Marijuana:  When the post-synaptic neuron is stimulated it releases the cannabinoid ---
    • The cannabinoid travels back to the presynaptic neuron & inhibits further release of eitehr glutamate or GABA
    • * so the chemicals in Marijuana decrease both Inhibit & excite transmissions in the synapse.
  25. Marijuana- decrease inhibition due to ___?
    decreased GABA release of neurons that release DA on Nucl-accumbens
  26. Hallucinogenic Drugs =
    LSD, - Extasy(MDMA) at low doses release DA similar to Amphetamine.

    • -Higher doses- affects 5-HT receptors. destroys neurons, increases body temp., life threatening
    • *long-term = loss of serotonin receptors, depression, anxiety, impaired learning/memory
  27. What drugs block re-uptake of dopamine and other transmitters and also excite, elevate, & enhance alertness?
    Amphetamines, Cocaine,

    -Methylphendine(ritalin)- mainly just alerts
  28. MDMDA (exctasy) - Low dose =

    and High dose =?
    a: stimulator = releases Dopamine

    B: distorts senses = releases serotonin *damages axons containing serotonin
  29. Nicotine = mostly stimulant effects... stimulates Nicotinic receptors that __?
    increase DA in N-accumbens
  30. Opiates; heroin, morphine- relax, withdrawl, decreased pain and stimulates _____?
    endorphin receptors
  31. Marijuana- alters senses, decrease pain/nausea, increased appetite and excites ____?
    negative-feeback receptors in presynaptic cells: those receptors ordinarily respond to anandamide cells and 2AG
  32. Hallacinagens - distorted sensations-- *stimulates ___?
    serotonin type 2A receptors

Card Set Information

Author:
 fastfreddy
ID:
 261052
Filename:
 W3-synapses, drugs, addiction
Updated:
2014-02-09 22:34:15
Tags:
synapses drugs addiction
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Description:
How drugs, addiction affect the synapses
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