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Henri93
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AKA the transition state-The unstable arrangement of atoms that forms momentarily at the peak of the activation energy barrier.
Activated Complex
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If a stress is applied to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the system changes to relieve the stress.
Le Chatelier's Principle
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Reactants are converted to products in a single step.
Elementary Reaction
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A state of balance when the forward and reverse reactions take place at the same rate.
Chemical Equilibrium
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The measure of disorder of a system
Entropy
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The minimum energy colliding particles must have in order to react.
Activation Energy
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A substance that interferes with the action of a catalyst. They make the reaction slow or even stop.
Inhibitor
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Energy available to do work.
Free Energy
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occurs naturally and favors the formation of products at the specified conditions; depends on enthalpy and entropy changes
Spontaneous reaction
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A measure of the speed of any change that occurs within an interval of time. It's usually expressed as the amount of reactant changing per unit of time.
Rate
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States that atoms, ions, and molecules can react to form products when they collide with one another, provided that the colliding particles have enough kinetic energy.
Collision Theory
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A reaction in which the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously. It's shown by a double arrow
Reversible Reaction
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Indicates whether the reactants or products are favored in a reversible reaction.
Equilibrium Position
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the ratio of the product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium. When aA+bB=cC+dD, the equation for this is ([C]^c X [D]^d)/([A]^a X [B]^b).
Equilibrium Constant (Keq)
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Equals the product of the concentrations of the ions each raised to a power equal to the coefficient of the ion in the dissociation equation.
Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)
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An ion that is found in both salts in a solution.
Common Ion
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The lowering of the solubility of an ionic compound as a result of the addition of a common ion.
Common Ion Effect
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A reaction that does not favor the formation of products at the specified conditions.
Nonspontaneous Reaction
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States that the natural tendency is for systems to move in the direction of maximum disorder or randomness.
Law of Disorder
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An expression for the rate of a reaction in terms of the concentration of reactants.
Rate Law
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A proportionality constant relating the concentrations of reactants to the rate of the reaction.
Specific Rate Constant (k)
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In this reaction, the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of only one reactant.
First Order Reaction
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the maximum amount of energy that can be coupled to another process to do useful work
Gibbs free-energy change
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The series of elementary reactions or steps that take place during the course of a complex reaction
reaction mechanisms
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is a product of one of the steps in the reaction mechanism
intermediate
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refers to the activated complex
transition state
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an equation showing either the oxidation or the reduction that takes place in a redox reaction
half-reaction
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a method of balancing a redox equation by balancing the oxidation and reduction half-reactions separately before combining them into a balanced redox equation
half-reaction method
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a process that involves complete or partial loss of electrons or a gain of oxygen; it results in an increase in the oxidation number of an atom
oxidation
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a positive or negative number assigned to an atom to indicate its degree of oxidation or reduction; the oxidation number of an uncombined element is zero
oxidation number
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a method of balancing a redox equation by comparing the increases and decreases in oxidation numbers
oxidation-number-change method
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a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between reactants
oxidation-reduction reaction
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the substance in a redox reaction that accepts electrons; in the reaction, the oxidizing agent is reduced
oxidizing agent
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another name for an oxidation-reduction reaction
redox reaction
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the substance in a redox reaction that donates electrons; in the reaction, the reducing agent is oxidized
reducing agent
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a process that involves a complete or partial gain of electrons or the loss of oxygen; it results in a decrease in the oxidation number of an atom
reduction
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