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Jyn1983
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Absorption can be influenced by
- A. Drug concentration
- B. Length of time med is in contact with the skin
- C. Size of affected area
- D. Thickness of skin
- E. Hydration of tissues
- F. Degree of skin disruption
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administration refers to application of medications to the skin or mucous membranes for absorption
Percutaneous
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Methods of Percutaneous administration include:
- 1. Topical
- 2. inhalation
- 3. instillation of solution onto the mucous membranes of mouth, eye, ear, nose, or vagina
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Primary advantage of using percutaneous route:
localized to the one spot
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Topical preparations can be used to:
- 1. cleanse and debride a wound
- 2. Rehydrate the skin
- 3. Reduce inflammation
- 4. Relieve localized signs and symptoms, such as itching and rash
- 5. Provide a protective barrier
- 6. Reduce a thickening of the skin, such as that involved with callus formation
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semisolid emulsions containing medicinal agents for external application; generally nongreasy and can be removed with water; used as moisturizing agent.
creams
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usually aqueous preparations that contain suspended materials; commonly used as soothing agents to protect the skin and relieve rashes and itching.
lotions
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semisolid preparations of medicinal substances in an oily bas such as lanolin or petrolatum; can be applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes and generally cannot be removed easily with water; has prolonged contact with the skin
ointments
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provides controlled release of a prescribed medication through a semipermeable membrane for several hours to 3 weeks when applied to intact skin
Transdermal Disk or patch
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Examples of Transdermal patches
- A. Nitroglycerin
- B. Clonidine ( for HBP)
- C. Estrogen
- D. Nicotine
- E. Fentanyl
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How long are nitroglycerin patches worn
10-14 hours followed by a drug-free period of 10-12 hours
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can take up to 12 hours after application to be effective in the management of pain.
Fentanyl
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What are finely ground particles of medication contained in a talc base
Powders
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tablets are designed to be placed under the tongue for dissolution and absorption through the vast network of blood vessels in this area.
Subligual
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tablets are designed to be held in the buccal cavity (between the cheek and molar teeth) for absorption from the blood vessels of the cheek.
Buccal tablets
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Medications for use in the eye are labeled
Opthalmic
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Overuse of nose drops can cause a " " which causes the symptoms to become worse
Rebound effect
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are sprayed into the throat by a nebulizer
Nebulae
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Devices known as or have been designed for patients who cannot coordinate the release of the medication with inhalation
extenders and spacers
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Eye drops should be instilled on the :
Lower conjunctival Sac
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