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pH stands for what?
potential hydrogen
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What does the pH scale measure?
The degree or acidity or alkalinity of a solution containing water
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What is the pH of hair, skin, and nails?
4.5 to 5.5
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The hair itself doesn't have pH because you need what to have pH?
water
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What makes the hair have pH levels?
Acid mantle
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The combination of natural oils and moisture that protects the scalp and hair is what?
Acid mantle
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What is the pH level of acid?
0-6.9
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Owns their chemical reactivity to the hydrogen (H+)
Acid
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Contract and harden the hair
Neutralizes alkaline
acid
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Tastes sour
turns blue litmus paper red
acid
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Very strong acids fall where on the pH scale?
0-1
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Very strong acids will do what to the hair?
- Completely dissolve it. Corrosive.
- (nitric, hydrochloric, sulfuric)
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Strong to mild acids fall where on the pH scale?
1-6.9
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what helps reduce soap scum, closes cuticle, shrink cortex of the hair, and give the hair more body
mild acids
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Imbrication means?
to close the cuticle
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The pH scale goes from....
0-14
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Alkalines are also known as...
alkalis and bases
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Own there own chemical reactivity to the hydroxide (OH-)
alkaline
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pH 7.1 to 14
tastes bitter
turns red litmus paper blue
alkaline
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Swells and softens the hair
neutralizes acids
alkaline
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Where do mild to strong alkalines fall on the pH scale?
7.1- 10
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Where do very strong alkalines fall on the pH scale?
10.1-14
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Opens cuticle/ increases porosity
good for very resistant hair
mild to strong alkaline (7.1-10)
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Allows the chemicals to penetrate in to the hair
mild to strong alkaline (7.1-10)
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If hair is left in an mild to strong alkaline state what will happen?
the hair will have little body and appears drab and dull
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where does very strong alkaline fall on the pH scale?
10.1-14
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What happens when a very strong alkaline is on the hair?
The hair becomes gummy to the touch as the cuticle breaks down then the hair turns to a soft jelly like substance
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Acids and alkalines that have a pH higher than hair (4.5- 5.5) will do what depending upon how much more alkaline than hair the solution is?
Open the hair cuticle
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It is important to do what after a chemical service in order to return the hair to its natural pH?
Apply an acid
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