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alicia0309
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Osteoblasts
bone forming cells
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Osteoclasts
bone destroying cells
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total blood flow in bone
200-400ml/min
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cortex
- outer layer of bone
- composed of dense compact bone tissue
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Medulla
- inner layer of bone
- spongy cancellous
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Diaphysis
shaft-long structure of bone
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Epiphysis
end-knoblike structures of bone
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Haversian system
complex canal network containing microscopic blood vessels which supply nutrients and oxygen to the bone
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bone accounts for 99% of ______ and 90% ____ in thebody
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calcitonin
- produced by the thyroid and works to decrease serum calcium if necessary
- increases renal excretion of calcium
- also adjusts phosphorus levels as needed
- inhibits bone resorption of calcium
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what happens if calcium gets too low in the body?
- the bone releases calcium to the blood,
- in response to parathyroid stimulation
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smooth muscle in ____
involuntary
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musculoskeletal changes associated with aging
- bone density decreases and joint cartilage becomes less elastic
- May develop osteoarthritis
- common to see trauma in hips, knees, back and shoulder
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assessment musculoskeletal
Family History and Genetic Risk
- H/O Osteoporosis
- Bone Cancer
- Osteoarthritis
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Assessment Musculoskeletal
Personal History
- Accidents, lifestyle, drugs used (ex. Steroids it affects calcium metabolism)
- occupations
- Illnesses (PVD, DM)
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why do you need to know if patient has PVD or DM
risk of osteomyelitis due to chronic foot wounds and decreased wound healing
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Assessment
Nutritional History
- do they consume enuff calcium, vit d, phosphorus
- Lactose intolerant
- food allergies
- socioeconomic status (can thy afford proper food)eating disorders
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Musculoskeletal
Physical Assessment
- Inspect
- Palpate
- Posture, body build and alignment when standing and walking
- Compare extremities
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