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ToriG
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axial skeleton
the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck and truck
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appendicular skeleton
the portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial and has the limbs attached to it
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exoskeleton
a body covering typically made of a tough, flexible substance called chitin that provides support and protection
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symbiosis
two or more different organisms living together so that each benefits from the other
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what three things make up the human superstructure
the skeleton, the muscles, and the skin
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what are the two main differences between smooth and skeletal muscles
your smooth muscles involuntary (are controlled by the brain without any conscious thought) but skeletal muscles are voluntary.
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where are cardiac muscles found? is it an involuntary muscle or a voluntary?
it is found in the heart. it is involuntary.
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what is produced in the bone marrow?
blood cells
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what is keratinization ? what is it used for ?
keratinization is the process that hardens living cells. It is used to make the outer layer of the epidermis, as well as hair and nails.
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what two principal substances make up bone? what qualities do they each provide to the bone.
- collagen and minerals. they make the bones strong and flexible. collagen gives bones its flexibility while minerals give the bones hardness.
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what is the different between compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue.
compact bone tissue's is fiber together tightly. spongy bone tissue's fiber is packed loosely. Because of this, spongy bone tissue is lighter than compact bone tissue.
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are bones alive?
yes. There are living cells imbedded in the bone. Thus, bone tissue is living tissue. That's why it can grow!
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what's the difference between invertabates and vertabrates . is it possible to be neither.
vertebrates are animals with backbones while invertebrates are animals without backbones. it is possible to be neither
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are your arms part of the appendicular skeleton or the axial skeleton ? what about the neck
appendicular is where your arms are. the neck is in the axial skeleton.
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what is the difference between an endorskeleton and an exoskeleton ? what is the name for organisms with exoskeletons?
the endoskeleton is an inner skeleton but the exoskeleton is and outer body covering. organisms with exoskeletons are called arthropods.
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order the following joints in increasing range of motion. Then order them in terms of increasing stability:
Ball-and-socket, hinge, saddle
- increasing range: hinge, saddle, ball-and-socket
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- increasing stability: ball-and-socket, saddle, hinge
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what purpose do ligaments serve in joints? what about cartilage?
ligaments holds the bones in the joint. cartilage cushions the bone and makes sure the bones don't rub against each other painfully.
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how do skeletal muscles attach to the skeleton
the muscles attach themselves to tendons which attach them to the skeleton
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how biceps and triceps work together to move the forearm.
when the forearm is extended the triceps contract pulling the forearm down and the biceps are relaxed which allow the forearm to go down without resistance.
- when the forearm is flexed the biceps are contracted pulling the forearm down and the triceps are relaxed which allows the forearm to go up without resistance.
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is the stomach composed of smooth muscles or skeletal.
smooth muscles *You know that because you do not have to think about working your stomach in order for it to do its job.
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a sunflower will actually turn throughout the day so that it follows the sun across the sky. what is this process called?
phototropism
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what are the two main functions of hair
insulation and provide sensation
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what are the two main functions of sweat
to cool us down and provide food for beneficial bacteria and fungi that live on your skin
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why is your skin cells constantly falling off your body?
because they are dead
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what do the sebaceous glands produce and what are the products main purposes
it poduces oil. the oil softens the hair and skin and it protects the body from certain bacteria from attaching themselves to your skin
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For the following animals, classify each as a mammal, bird, reptile, or amphibian.
a. The animal has hair
b. The animal breathes through its skin
c. The animal has scales
d. The animal has feathers
- a. mammal
- b. amphibian
- c. reptile or fish
- d. bird
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