Oncology study guide 1.txt

continuous or inappropriate cell growth, show specific morphology, small nucleus, perform specific differentiated functions, adhere tightly together, nonmigratory, euploid, don’t invade

LASSSA-limited cell division, apoptosis, small nucleus, specific morphology, specific differentiated functions, adhere tightly together; NECG-non migratory, euploid, contact inhibited, grow orderly

teaching to avoid known carcinogens, removal of moles

halts the cancer process; mammograms, colonoscopy, pap; goal to reduce the number of cancer deaths

Hi mitotic rate, rapid growth, disregard for normal growth, almost never encapsulated, invade surrounding tissue, metastasize, anaplastic, morphological characteristics, poorly differentiated, abnormal # of chromosomes, altered cell membrane

Oncogenes that suppress growth; when suppressor genes become altered/mutated, cancer cells are allowed to reproduce

low fat, high fiber, no booze, no smoked/charred foods and nitrates, eat more fruits and veggies; vitamin A, Vitamin C

1.initiation-permanently, directly and irreversible change the molecular structure of the DNA 2. Promotion-enhances the cellular changes done in initiation 3. Progression-morphological cellular changes and malignant behavior

detects differences in tissue densities in body and used with needle biopsies to direct needle to tumor site

T=size, N=nodes, M=mets

well differentiated (appear normal, growing slowly, not aggressive)

moderately differentiated (semi-normal, growing moderately fast)

poorly differentiated (abnormal, growing quickly, aggressive)

1

external beam, distant treatment; pt is NOT radioactive

internal, short or close tx; implanted by needles, seeds, beads or catheters; placed on bedrest, lomotil to prevent bowel movements; unsealed are eliminated in waste products that are radioactive

programmed cell death

remove entire tumor (local-small; wide local-tumor plus tissue; wide excision-tumor, tissue, adjacent structures and usual lymph; extended radical-tumor, lymphatics, adjacent organs and tissues)

restore function, skin closure, cosmetic, maintenance

reduces incidence of breast cancer by 49% in postmenopausal women identified as being high risk

no lotions, ointments, no direct skin exposure to sun during tx and for at least 1 year after completion

given on regular basis and timed to maximize cancer cell kill; usually q 3-4 weeks for about 6-12 times

toxicity, GI upset, N/V, corticosteroids, amtiemetics, sedatives, histamines; small frequent meals, relaxation, comfort foods, soft toothbrush, avoid flossing, rinse with saline or water, avoid mouthwashes with alcohol

Apply heat or ice depending on the drug, dr may aspirate drug from; make sure you’re in the vein; tissues, ointments such as dexamethasone can be effective

ovarian cancer