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What is a SF-545?
Laboratory Report Display
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When performing venipuncture, apply tourniquet around the arem approximately (__) to (__) inches above the intended venipuncture site.
3 to 4
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Using a smooth continuous motion, introduce the needle, bevel side up, into the vein at about a (___) to (___) degree angle with the skin.
15 to 30
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Do not leave the tourniquet on for more than 2 minutes.
True or False
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Most laboratories are equipped with (_____) microscopes.
Binocular (two-eyepiece)
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What is the structure that supports the magnification and focusing system?
(Hint: Handled by which the microscope is carried)
Arm
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What is the platform on which a specimen is placed for examination?
Stage
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What holds the specimen in place and is the means by which the specimen may be moved about on the stage to view the sample?
Mechanical (movable) Stage
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What is the structure on which the microscope rests?
Base
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What does the Iris Diaphragm do?
Controls the amount of light and angle of light rays
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What is the magnification of low-power lens?
10X
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What is the magnification of a high-power lens?
40X
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What is the magnification of Oil-immersion lens?
100X
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A complete blood count routinely consists of what following test?
- 1. Total red blood cell (RBC) count
- 2. Hemoglobin Determination (Hgb)
- 3. Hematocrit Calculation (Hct)
- 4. Total white blood cell (WBC) count
- 5. White Blood Cell Differential count
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The Complete blood count, is commonly referred to as a (______).
CBC
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What is the primary function of Hemoglobin?
Primary function of hemoglobin is delivery and release of oxygen to the tissues
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What are the normal values for hemoglobin in woman and men?
- Woman: 12 to 16
- Men: 14 to 18
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What is a hematocrit?
(Hint: Packed RBC volume)
The ratio of the volume of RBCs to the volum of whole bood.
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What are the normal values for hematocrit determinations?
- Woman: 37% to 47%
- Men: 42% to 52%
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Normal WBC values in adults range from (___) to (__) cells per cubic milimeter.
4,800 to 10,800
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What are leukocytosis?
When the WBC rises above normal values
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What is leukopenia?
An abnormally low white cell count
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What may leukopenia be cause by?
- Severe or advanced bacterial infections
- Protozoal infections
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What are the Five types of white cells that are normally found in the circulating blood?
- 1. Neutrophils
- 2. Eosinophils
- 3. Basophils
- 4. Lymphocytes
- 5. Monocytes
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What accounts for the largest percentage of leukocytes?
Neutrophils
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What is the the function of Eosinophil and what is the most common cause for it to increase?
- Destory parasites and respond in immediate allergic reations.
- Most common cause of increased eosinophils worldwide is parasitic, in particular helminthic, infections
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What function is associated with immune response and the body's defense against viral infection?
Lymphocyte
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What is the largest of the normal white blood cells, controls microbial and fungal infections, and removes damaged cells from the body?
Monocyte
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The four growth requirements for bacteria are what?
- Temperature
- Oxygen
- Nutrition
- Moisture
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Temperature requirements for bacteria are divided into how many catgories and what are they?
- 1. Psychrophilic- "cold loving" reproduce best at low temperatures (4 C)
- 2. Mesophilic - Bacteria that reproduce best at body temperature (35 C) and are the primary pathogens in man.
- 3. Thermophilic- Bacteria that reproduce best at higer temperatures (42 C)
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What are Aerobes?
organisms that reproduce in the presence of oxygen.
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What are Anaerobes?
Organisms that do not reproduce in the presence of oxygen
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Exotoxins are highly poisonous and associated with septic shock.
True or False
True
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What cells retain the primary crystal violet stain during decolorization and retain the violet stain?
Gram positive cells
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Gram negative are deep pink.
True or False
True
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Gram-positive is what color?
Deep blue or blue-black
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What is an antigen?
Is a substance that, when introduced into an individual's body is recognized as foreign by an individual's immune system
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What are Chlorophyll-free, heterotrophic of the same family of plants as algae and lichens?
Fungi
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The First Morning Urine Specimen is the ideal screening specimen.
True or False
True
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What are the steps for the Twenty-Four Hour Urine Specimen?
- 1. Have patient empty bladder early in the morning and record time. (Discard this urine)
- 2. Collect all urine voided during next 24 hours
- 3. Instruct patient to empty bladder at 0800 the following day (end of 24-hr period). Add this urine to pooled specimen.
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The normal daily urine volume for adults ranges from 600 to (___) ml; Averaging about (____) ml.
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If your urine is Red or Red-brown, what does it mean?
Caused by the presence of blood
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If your urine is Yello or brown, what does it tell you?
Caused by the presence of bile
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When your urine is Olive green to brown-black, what is it caused by?
Phenols, used as an antimicrobial agent
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If your urine is Dark orange, what is it caused by?
Pyridium
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The normal ranges for specific gravity are what?
1.015 to 1.030
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When WBC count is above 50,000, what does it indicates?
An acute infection
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