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Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
If bodies A and B are each in thermal equilibrium with a third body T, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
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Triple Point of Water
Liquid water, solid ice and water vapor can coexist in thermal equilibrium at only one set of values for pressure and temperature.
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SI unit for pressure and relations to other common units
Pascal
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Absolute Zero
0 K=-273.15°C=-459.67°F
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Freezing Point of Water
273.15K=O°C=32°F
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Boiling Point of Water
373.15K=100°C=212°F
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Linear Expansion
If the temperature of a metal rod is raised by an amount ΔT, its length increases by
,
where is the coefficient of linear expansion
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Volume Expansion
If the temperature of a solid or liquid is raised by an amount ΔT, its volume is increases by
,
where is the coefficient of volume expansion.
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Areal Expansion
,
where is the coefficient of Areal expansion.
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SI unit for Heat and relations to other common units
1 calorie=4.1868J
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Heat Capacity
Is the proportionality constant between the heat that the object absorbs or loses and the resulting temperature change of the object,
Q=CΔT
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Specific Heat
"heat capacity per unit mass"
Q=cmΔT
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Mole
elementary units
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Molar Specific Heat
When quantities are expressed in moles, specific heat must also involve moles (rather then a mass unit).
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Heat of Transformation
The amount of energy per unit mass that must be transferred as heat when a sample completely undergoes a phase change.
Q=Lm
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Heat of Vaporization
When the phase changes is from liquid to gas or from gas to liquid.
For water:
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Heat of Fusion
When the phase changes is from solid to liquid or from liquid to solid.
For water:
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Work Associated with Volume Change
The amount of work done by a gas as it expands or contracts is given by
pressure may vary during the volume change.
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The First Law of Thermodynamics
The principle of conservation of energy,
or
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Adiabatic Processes
From the first law of thermodynamics,
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Constant-Volume Processes
From the first law of thermodynamics,
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Cyclical Processes
From the first law of thermodynamics,
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Free Expansions
From the first law of thermodynamics,
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Transfer of Heat Through Conduction
The conduction rate at which energy is conducted through a slab for which one face is at higher temperature and the other lower temperature,
where L is thickness, A is face area and k is the thermal conductivity.
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Transfer of Heat Through Convection
Occurs when temperature differences cause an energy transfer by motion within a fluid i.e a breeze.
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Transfer of Heat Through Radiation
Is an energy transfer via the emission of electromagnetic energy i.e. sunlight.
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Rate at which an object emits energy via thermal radiation,
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Rate at which an object absorbs energy from its environment,
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Stefan-Boltzmann Constant
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SI unit for Work, Energy, Heat
Joule
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SI units for Power
Watt
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