Chapter 3

A neural impulse is initiated when a neuron’s charge momentarily becomes less negative, or even positive. This event is called:

Neurons convey information about the strength of stimuli by varying:

Alterations in activity at dopamine synapses have been implicated in the development of:

Tania just barely avoided a head-on collision on a narrow road. With heart pounding, hands shaking, and body perspiring, Tania recognizes that these are signs of the body’s fight-or-flight response, which is controlled by the:

The hindbrain consists of the:

Juan is watching a basketball game. The neural impulses from his eyes will ultimately travel to his primary visual cortex, but first they must pass through the:

The __________ lobe is to hearing as the occipital lobe is to vision.

Paul has profound difficulty producing spoken language. If his problem is attributable to brain damage, the damage would probably be found in:

Sounds presented to the right ear are registered:

In people whose corpus callosums have not been severed, verbal stimuli are identified more quickly and more accurately:

Hormones are to the endocrine system as __________________ are to the nervous system.

Jenny has brown hair and blue eyes and is 5’8” tall. What is being described is Jenny’s:

Adopted children’s similarity to their biological parents is generally attributed to ______________; adopted children’s similarity to their adoptive parents is generally attributed to ______________.

In evolutionary theory, _____________ refers to the reproductive success of an individual organism relative to the average reproductive success in the population.

For which of the following assertions is the empirical evidence strongest?

Like a tree. Also, each branch is a telephone wire that carries incoming messages to you.

Like the insulation that covers electrical wires.

Like a silicon chip in a computer that receives and transmits information between input and output devices as well as between other chips.

Like an electrical cable that carries information.

Like the maintenance personnel who keep things clean and in working order so the operations of the enterprise can proceed.

Like the nozzle at the end of a hose, from which water is squirted.

Like a railroad junction, where two trains may meet.

A transmitter involved in the regulation of sleep and perhaps aggression.

Chemicals that resemble opiate drugs in structure and that are involved in pain relief.

A neurotransmitter for which abnormal levels have been implicated in schizophrenia.

The only neurotransmitter between motor neurons and voluntary muscles.

Case 1. Miriam is exhibiting language defi cits. In particular, she does not seem to comprehend the meaning of words.

Case 2. Camille displays tremors and muscular rigidity and is diagnosed as having Parkinsonism.

Case 3. Ricardo, a 28-year-old computer executive, has gradually seen his strengthand motor coordination deteriorate badly. He is diagnosed as having multiple sclerosis.

Case 4. Wendy is highly irrational, has poor contact with reality, and reports hallucinations.She is given a diagnosis of schizophrenic disorder.

The findings from family studies indicate that heredity may influence a trait if _______________show more trait similarity than _______________.

The findings from twin studies suggest that heredity influences a trait if __________________show more trait similarity than _______________.

The findings from adoption studies suggest that heredity influences a trait if children adopted at a young age share more trait similarity with their________________ than their _________________.

The findings from family studies, twin studies, or adoption studies suggest that heredity does not influence a trait when ________________ is not related to _____________________

This 19-century theorist, who invented the concepts of fitness and natural selection, was the original architect of evolutionary theory.

These researchers used axons taken from squid to conduct influential research on the biochemical bases of the neural impulse.

In the 1950s, this research team discovered self-stimulation sites in the rat brain, suggesting that the limbic system may include “pleasure centers.”

This researcher showed that morphine exerts its effects by binding to specialized receptors in the brain, leading to the discovery of endorphins.

These researchers conducted the original split-brain studies, which demonstrated that the right and left hemispheres of the brain each have their own special abilities.