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Quantitative observation
- Measurement
- Comparison based on an accepted scale
- Contain a number AND a unit
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Scientific Notation
- Technique used to express very large or very small numbers
- Based on powers of 10
ex 3.6 x10e-4
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Centi (Symbols, value, SN)
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Milli (Symbol, value, SN)
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When do you use 10e0?
When the number in question already has only 1 digit left to the decimal
7.31 -> 7.31x10e0
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1 inch equals
2.54cm (exactly)
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Volume
Amount of three-dimensional space
SI unit = m3
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Volume of gas and liquid are commonly measured in what unit?
mL
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What does 1mL equal?
1cm3
1mL = 10-3L = 0.001L
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Mass
Amount of matter present
SI unit=kg
1kg = 103g = 10000g
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1kg = how many lbs?
1kg = 2.2046lbs
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1lb = how many grams?
453.59grams
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Uncertainty in Measurement
A measurement always has some uncertainty
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Significant Figures
- Used to indicate the uncertainty of a measurement
- Measurements are report with one(last) uncertain digit
- + or - 1
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Exact numbers
- Numbers known with certainty
- Have unlimited number of SFs
- 1min=60 seconds
- Number of people in a room
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Multiplying and dividing with SFs
- Result has the same number of SFs as the measurement with the smallest number of SFs
- Count SFs and round off to the correct SF
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Adding and Subtracting SFs
You take the largest AU (uncertainty) and apply that to the answer
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Kelvin to Celsius conversion equation
Tc = Tk - 273.15
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Ferinheight to Celsius conversion equation
Tc = (TF - 32.00)/1.80
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Celsius to Ferinheight equation
TF = 1.80(Tc) +32.00
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Celsius to Kelvin equation
TK= TC + 273.15
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When converting how do you count SFs
Report converted temp to the same amount of uncertainty as the original term
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Density
- A property of matter representing the mass per unit vol
- A conversion factor between mass and volume
Density = Mass/Volume
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SI units for density (solid, liquid, gas)
- Solids - g/cm3Liquids - g/mL
- Gasses- g/L
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