Home
Flashcards
Preview
Pathology: Cell Pathology
Home
Get App
Take Quiz
Create
Life and death exists at the _________ level.
Cellular
How can massage therapy influence the health of the cell?
Massage increases blood flow to cells which brings oxygen and nutrients, and takes away wastes.
DEFINE: cells
Basic unit of life
Every disease happens at ________ level.
Cellular
DEFINE: cellular injury
Anything that puts stress on a cell leads to injury
What are the common mechanisms of cell injury?
1. Decreased ATP production- not enough energy
2. Increased free radical production- more are produced than the cell can handle
3. A buildup of too much calcium within the cell
4. Loss of cell membrane integrity- tears or holes in the cell membrane
What are free radicals?
Free radicals are molecules that lose an electron so they steal from other molecules.
What are the causes of cell injury?
Lack of oxygen
Physical agents
Infectious agents
Immunologic reactions
Genetic derangements
Nutritional imbalances
Aging
Hypoxia
Ischemia
A lack of oxygen causes:
Decreased ATP production
Examples of physical agents are:
Trauma
Temp. extremes
Radiation
Etc.
Examples of infectious agents are:
Viruses
Bacteria
Tape Worms
Fungi
Etc.
Examples of genetic derangements are:
Gene defects
Chromosome damage
DNA malfunctions
Some examples of nutritional imbalances are:
Too much/ too little of nutrients
Obesity/anorexia
Aging _______________ and can ________ some things up.
Always occurs, speed
DEFINE: hypoxia
Lack of oxygen
DEFINE: ischemia
lack of blood flow
What happens to a cell that is starved for blood?
Decreased blood flow and oxygen delivery
No oxygen=no ATP production
No ATP=malfunction of plasma membrane=disruption of ion concentrations within cell
Accumulation of ions=excess water enters cell
Organelles swell and malfunction
Ribosomes don't produce proteins so cell uses other energy sources
Acidic by-products accumulate and damage nuclear DNA
Cell membrane breaks
Cell death occurs
DEFINE: autoimmune disorder
A disease that causes the body to attack itself
What are the causes of free radical production?
Normal cellular metabolism
Radiant energy
Metabolism of exogenous chemicals
Discuss normal cellular metabolism of free radicals:
Catabolism of nutrients (break down of nutrients and production of energy)
Body has antioxidants to deal with normal production
Discuss radiant energy of free radicals:
UV light
X-rays
Radiation
Dangerous in excess
Discuss metabolism of exogenous chemicals of free radicals:
Smoking
Air pollution
Pesticides
Dangerous in excess
How do free radicals injure cells?
Lipid breakdown- breakdown and damage cell membrane
DNA- break up DNA
Proteins- change shape of proteins and enzymes which alters their functions
Cells ________ to stressors in their environment.
adapt
DEFINE: physiologic adaptations
response of cells to normal stimuli
DEFINE: pathologic adaptations
attempt to escape injury from stressor
DEFINE: hyperplasia
increase in number of cells in an organ or tissue
DEFINE: hypertrophy
Increase in the size of cells
DEFINE: atrophy
Reduction in size of cell
DEFINE: metaplasia
One adult cell type replaces another adult cell type
It is reversible
DEFINE: dysplasia
Change in cell size, shape, or organization of components of cell
It is irreversible (permanent)
DEFINE: necrosis
Unexpected cell death
Progressive enzymatic digestion of a cell
DEFINE: apoptosis
Programmed cellular death or deletion
Cells have natural life span and then they die
Author
mandelyn
ID
261844
Card Set
Pathology: Cell Pathology
Description
Cell Pathology chapter flashcards
Updated
2/13/2014, 9:46:09 PM
Show Answers
Home
Flashcards
Preview