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melissag94
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diseases that develop over a long period of time
chronic disease
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ex of chronic disease?
- heart disease
- diabetes
- hypertension
- cancer
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the science of foods and nutrients and other substances they contain and of their actions within the body
nutrition
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products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy and nutrients for the maintenance of life and the growth and repair of tissue
food
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the foods and beverages a person eats and drinks
diet
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what is the number 1 reason most people choose to eat certain foods?
taste
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top three appeals for taste are?
- sweetness (sugar)
- savoriness (salt)
- fat
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example of a habit?
coffee every morning
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choices are based on?
- personal preference
- habit
- ethnic heritage or tradition
- social interactions
- availability, convenience and economy
- positive and negative associations
- emotions
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foods that contain physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions
functional foods
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non-nutrient compounds is plant derived foods that have biological activity in the body
phytochemicals
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ex of functional foods?
when you add extra nutrients to a food, like calcium
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ex of phytochemicals?
resveratrol
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whole food?
fresh fruits and vegetables, oatmeal
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modified foods?
foods tweaked to lower the fat content, ex 1% milk
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chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy, structural materials, and regulatory agents to support growth, maintenance and repair of the body's tissues
nutrients
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the capacity to do work
energy
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nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself
essential nutrients
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units of energy called kcals in nutrition
calories
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essential nutrients are obtained from?
diet
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the 6 classes of nutrients can be grouped in terms of ?
micro/macro nutrients
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6 classes of nutrients?
- water
- minerals
- vitamins
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- lipids(fats)
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non energy yielding nutrients?
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energy yielding nutrients?
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- lipids
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water?
- hydrogen and oxygen
- inorganic
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minerals?
- simplest nutrient
- inorganic
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only nutrient with nitrogen in its chemical structure?
proteins
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non energy yielding nutrients do not provide?
calories
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anything _____ contains chem
organic
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carbs provide how many kcal?
4 kcal/g
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protein provide how many kcals?
4 kcal/g
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fat provide how many k cals?
9 kcal/g
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alcohol provides how many kcal?
7 kcal/g
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nutrient composition in the body is made up mostly of? 2nd? 3rd?
- carbs, protein, vitamins, minerals
- fat
- water
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nutrients needed in large amounts of to sustain life
macronutrient
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ex of macronutrient?
carbs, protein, lipids water
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micronutrient?
nutrients needed in smaller amounts to sustain life
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ex of micronutrient?
- vitamins and minerals
- (don't provide with energy)
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water soluble vitamins?
B and C
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fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
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almost every bodily action requires assistance from?
vitamins
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ex of destruction to vitamins?
- steemed broccoli
- milk store in opaque containers
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vitamins ?
- thirteen organic vitamins
- facilitate energy release
- vulnerable to destruction
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minerals?
- do not yield energy
- sixteen essential minerals
- indestructible
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water?
medium for all body activities
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amount of energy in food depends?
- on macronutrient composition
- energy density
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a measure of the energy food provides relative to the amount of food
energy density
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metabolism?
- materials for building body tissues
- regulation of bodily activities
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if the body doesn't use the energy, ?
it turns into fat
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DRI's set standards for?
- energy nutrients
- other dietary components
- physical activity
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EAR?
- estimated average requirements
- average amount sufficient for half of population
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RDA?
- recommended dietary allowances
- recommendations to meet needs of most healthy people
- 98% of population
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need scientific evidence to develop ____, if not then you have ____
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AI?
- adequate intakes
- expected to exceed average requirements
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UL?
- tolerable upper intake levels
- point where nutrient is likely to be toxic
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EER?
- estimated energy requirement
- average dietary energy intake to maintain energy balance
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EER defines?
how many calories you should be eating per day
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the deficiency or the excess of a nutrient of energy
malnutrition
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symptoms of malnutrition?
- diarrhea
- skin rashes
- fatigue
- others
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AMDR?
acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges
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What does the AMDR do?
- reduce risk of chronic disease
- adequate energy and nutrients
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percent kcals from carbohydrate
45-65%
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percent kcals from fat?
20-35%
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percent kcals from protein?
10-35%
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Nutrition assessment is based on?
ABCDE
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A?
- anthropometric
- take sombodys height, weight, BMI, body fat %
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B?
- biochemical
- labs we can get from blood or urine
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C?
- clinical
- take blood pressure
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D?
- dietary
- 24 hr food recall
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E?
- environmental
- socioeconomic status, budget, working stove
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which leading causes of death have a direct link to nutrition?
- heart disease
- cancer
- strokes
- diabetes
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leading cause of death?
heart disease
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healthy people 2020 says?
- increase the proportion of adults who are at a healthy weight
- reduce the proportion of adults who are obese
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when you aren't taking in enough of a nutrient through your diet?
primary deficiency
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you get enough of the nutrient in your diet, but you are either not absorbing or converting is properly in your body
secondary deficiency
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