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BY4 2
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Define the l
a
g phase of a growth curve.
When cells are preparing for growth, with
intense metabolic activity
.
Define the l
o
g phase of a growth curve.
Providing there is no limiting factor, cell numbers increase exponentially,
population doubles per unit time.
What is the number of ATP produced from the Link reaction in aerobic respiration per glucose molecule?
6
6 from 2 reduced NAD.
What is a
Pathogen
?
A disease causing microbe.
How is
Resting Potential
created?
Sodium ions are
actively
pumped out faster than Potassium ions in.
Also most K
+
channels are open and sodium ion channels closed, so K
+
ions diffuse out faster than Na
+
ions in.
Therefore fewer +ive ions inside the axon, so the outside is positive compared to the inside.
What is the effect of Axon diameter on conduction speed?
As diameter
increases
conduction speed
increases.
Due to less resistance from the
Axoplasm
.
What is the energy consuming process when a cell directs the contents of a secretory vesicle out from the cell membrane into the extra cellular space?
Exocytosis.
Describe Gram-negative Bacteria.
More
chemically complex
cell walls.
Peptidoglycan is supplemented by
Lipopolysaccharide.
Do no not retain Crystal violet, so appear
red
or
pink
.
They are unaffected by
Lysozyme
and are resistant to
Penicillin
.
Describe
density independent
factors.
Effect is the same regardless of
population density or size.
Eg. Extreme weather or temperature change.
How is
Action Potential
created ?
The energy of the stimulus causes Sodium channels to open.
This causes Na
+
ions to
rapidly diffuse
into the axon, which
depolarises
the membrane.
Once the action potential of +40mV is established the channels close.
What is the function of the
Loop of Henle
?
To create a lower water potential in the
Medulla
.
What is the name of counts that include
both
living and dead cells?
Total counts.
What is the of counts that count living cells
only
?
Viable counts
What are the main photosynthetic pigments found in plants?
Chlorophyll a.
Chlorophyll b.
Carotene.
Xanthophyll.
Describe
Photolysis.
The splitting of water molecules by light to produce H
+
ions and electrons.
2H
2
0 ⇌2H
+
+ 2OH
-
The hydoxyl ions donate the electrons to photosystem II.
What is the name given to Spiral Shaped Bacteria?
Spirillum.
What is the effect of Temperature on conduction speed?
As temperature
increases
speed of conduction
increases
.
Due to increase in
ion diffusion rate.
Author
JustinL
ID
262569
Card Set
BY4 2
Description
Wjec BY4
Updated
2/18/2014, 12:12:53 PM
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